μάνδρα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Some have proposed a Proto-Indo-European *mand- (“enclosure”), cognate with Sanskrit मन्दुरा (mandurā, “stable; bed”) and possibly related to μανδάκης (mandákēs, “band to tie trusses”), μάνδαλος (mándalos, “bolt”), and Proto-West Germanic *mandu (“basket”), with a possible Pre-Greek acquisition of one or more Pre-Indo-European wanderworts.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mán.draː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈman.dra/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈman.dra/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈman.dra/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈman.dra/

Noun

μᾰ́νδρᾱ • (mándrā) f (genitive μᾰ́νδρᾱς); first declension

enclosed space
fold, pen, barn, or stable for cattle or sometimes horses
Synonym: ὄστρῐμον (óstrimon)
- 310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Hymn to Demeter 106
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 4.61
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.648a
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 659.3
(figurative) bezel of a ring depicting oxen
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Epigrams 21
- Palatine Anthology 9.746
- 200 CE – 400 CE, Heliodorus of Emesa, Aethiopica 5.14
square on a draughtboard
cloister, monastery

Declension

First declension of ἡ μᾰ́νδρᾱ; τῆς μᾰ́νδρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ μᾰ́νδρᾱ hē mándrā	τὼ μᾰ́νδρᾱ tṑ mándrā	αἱ μᾰ́νδραι hai mándrai
Genitive	τῆς μᾰ́νδρᾱς tês mándrās	τοῖν μᾰ́νδραιν toîn mándrain	τῶν μᾰνδρῶν tôn mandrôn
Dative	τῇ μᾰ́νδρᾳ têi mándrāi	τοῖν μᾰ́νδραιν toîn mándrain	ταῖς μᾰ́νδραις taîs mándrais
Accusative	τὴν μᾰ́νδρᾱν tḕn mándrān	τὼ μᾰ́νδρᾱ tṑ mándrā	τᾱ̀ς μᾰ́νδρᾱς tā̀s mándrās
Vocative	μᾰ́νδρᾱ mándrā	μᾰ́νδρᾱ mándrā	μᾰ́νδραι mándrai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Ἀναξῐ́μᾰνδρος (Anaxímandros)
ἀρχῐμᾰνδρῑ́της (arkhimandrī́tēs)
μᾰ́νδρευμᾰ (mándreuma)

Descendants

Greek: μάντρα (mántra), μάνδρα (mándra)
→ Latin: mandra
- Catalan: mandra
- Italian: mandria, mandra
- Sardinian: mandra
- → Albanian: mandër
- → Old Irish: mainder
  - Irish: mainnear
Sicilian: mànnira
→ Laz: მანდრე (mandre, “cowshed”)
→ Middle Armenian: մանդրայ (mandray), մանրայ (manray)
→ Ottoman Turkish: ماندره (mandra), مندره (mandra)
- Turkish: mandıra
- → Armenian: մանտռա (mantṙa)
- → Aromanian: mandrã
- → Bulgarian: ма́ндъра (mándǎra), мандра (mandra)
- → Macedonian: мандра (mandra)
- → Romanian: mandră
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: мандра
  Latin script: mandra