гриза

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gryzti.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɡriˈzɤ]
Audio (file)

Verb

гриза́ • (grizá) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective гри́зна)

(transitive) to gnaw (at), to nibble (at), to eat into
Гриза кора хляб. ― Griza kora hljab. ― To gnaw at/nibble a crust of bread.

Гриза ноктите си. ― Griza noktite si. ― To gnaw/bite one's nails.

Конят гризе юздата. ― Konjat grize juzdata. ― The horse is champing the bit.
(transitive, figurative) to fester, to rankle, to fret
някому го гризе съвестта ― njakomu go grize sǎvestta ― to feel remorse

Какво те гризе? ― Kakvo te grize? ― What's bugging you?

Conjugation

Conjugation of гриза́ (conjugation 1.2, irregular, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	гризя́щ grizjášt	гри́зал grízal	гризя́л grizjál	гри́зан grízan		гризе́йки grizéjki
	definite subject form	гризя́щият grizjáštijat	гри́залият grízalijat	—	гри́заният grízanijat
	definite object form	гризя́щия grizjáštija	гри́залия grízalija	—	гри́зания grízanija
feminine	indefinite	гризя́ща grizjášta	гри́зала grízala	гризя́ла grizjála	гри́зана grízana
feminine	definite	гризя́щата grizjáštata	гри́залата grízalata	—	гри́заната grízanata
neuter	indefinite	гризя́що grizjášto	гри́зало grízalo	гризя́ло grizjálo	гри́зано grízano	гри́зане grízane
neuter	definite	гризя́щото grizjáštoto	гри́залото grízaloto	—	гри́заното grízanoto	гри́зането grízaneto
plural	indefinite	гризя́щи grizjášti	гри́зали grízali	гризе́ли grizéli	гри́зани grízani	гри́зания, гри́занета grízanija, grízaneta
plural	definite	гризя́щите grizjáštite	гри́залите grízalite	—	гри́заните grízanite	гри́занията, гри́занетата grízanijata, grízanetata

person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		гриза́ grizá	гризе́ш grizéš	гризе́ grizé	гризе́м grizém	гризе́те grizéte	гриза́т grizát
imperfect		гризя́х grizjáh	гризе́ше grizéše	гризе́ше grizéše	гризя́хме grizjáhme	гризя́хте grizjáhte	гризя́ха grizjáha
aorist		гри́зах grízah	гри́за gríza	гри́за gríza	гри́захме grízahme	гри́захте grízahte	гри́заха grízaha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
future	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future in the past	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and гризя́л m, гризя́ла f, гризя́ло n, or гризе́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and гризя́л m, гризя́ла f, гризя́ло n, or гризе́ли pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and гризя́л m, гризя́ла f, гризя́ло n, or гризе́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
conditional		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and гри́зал m, гри́зала f, гри́зало n, or гри́зали pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
imperative			гризи́ grizí			гризе́те grizéte

Derived terms

гри́звам (grízvam) (semelfactive)
вгриза́ pf (vgrizá), вгри́звам impf (vgrízvam, “to sink one's teeth into”)
догриза́ pf (dogrizá), догри́звам impf (dogrízvam)
изгриза́ pf (izgrizá), изгри́звам impf (izgrízvam)
загриза́ pf (zagrizá), загри́звам impf (zagrízvam)
нагриза́ pf (nagrizá), нагри́звам impf (nagrízvam)
обгриза́ pf (obgrizá), обгри́звам impf (obgrízvam)
отгриза́ pf (otgrizá), отгри́зна pf (otgrízna), отгри́звам impf (otgrízvam, “to bite off”)
прегриза́ pf (pregrizá), прегри́зна pf (pregrízna), прегри́звам impf (pregrízvam, “to cut off with teeth”)
разгриза́ pf (razgrizá), разгри́звам impf (razgrízvam)
угриза́ pf (ugrizá), угри́звам impf (ugrízvam)

Related terms

гри́жа се (gríža se, “to take care”)
гриза́ч (grizáč, “rodent”)

References

“гриза”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“гриза”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Nayden Gerov (1895) “грꙑ́зѫ, -ешь; грꙑ́зохъ, грꙑ́злъ (грꙑ́звамь, да грꙑ́знѫ, грꙑ́знувамь)”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 254
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гриза”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 282
“грꙑсти”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024

Etymology 2

From secondary Proto-Slavic *gryzati, syncretized into the conjugation of Etymology 1. Obsolete гри́зе is expected from titular *gryzti.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɡrizɐ]

Verb

гри́за • (gríza)

second-person singular aorist indicative of гриза́ (grizá)
third-person singular aorist indicative of гриза́ (grizá)

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