лъскам
Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lъskati (equivalent to *lъk- + *-skati), akin to English light. By the time of first Slavic writing, the root has been reanalyzed into *lьsk- (cf. Old Church Slavonic льщати (lĭštati)), which BER explains as an influence from synonymous *blьskati (“to flash”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɫɤskɐm]
Verb
лъ́скам • (lǎ́skam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective лъ́сна)
- (ditransitive) to polish, to burnish, to furbish
- лъскам някому обувките ― lǎskam njakomu obuvkite ― to polish someone's shoes
- (intransitive, rare) to shine, to gloss, to emit glimmer
- В далечината лъсна светкавица.
- V dalečinata lǎsna svetkavica.
- A lightning flashed out in the distance.
- (reflexive with се, figurative) to tidy up, to polish one's look/appearance
Conjugation
Conjugation of лъ́скам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | лъ́скащ lǎ́skašt |
лъ́скал, лъска́л1 lǎ́skal, lǎskál1 |
лъ́скал lǎ́skal |
лъ́скан lǎ́skan |
лъ́скайки lǎ́skajki | |
| definite subject form | лъ́скащият lǎ́skaštijat |
лъ́скалият, лъска́лият1 lǎ́skalijat, lǎskálijat1 |
— | лъ́сканият lǎ́skanijat | |||
| definite object form | лъ́скащия lǎ́skaštija |
лъ́скалия, лъска́лия1 lǎ́skalija, lǎskálija1 |
— | лъ́скания lǎ́skanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | лъ́скаща lǎ́skašta |
лъ́скала, лъска́ла1 lǎ́skala, lǎskála1 |
лъ́скала lǎ́skala |
лъ́скана lǎ́skana | ||
| definite | лъ́скащата lǎ́skaštata |
лъ́скалата, лъска́лата1 lǎ́skalata, lǎskálata1 |
— | лъ́сканата lǎ́skanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | лъ́скащо lǎ́skašto |
лъ́скало, лъска́ло1 lǎ́skalo, lǎskálo1 |
лъ́скало lǎ́skalo |
лъ́скано lǎ́skano |
лъ́скане lǎ́skane | |
| definite | лъ́скащото lǎ́skaštoto |
лъ́скалото, лъска́лото1 lǎ́skaloto, lǎskáloto1 |
— | лъ́сканото lǎ́skanoto |
лъ́скането lǎ́skaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | лъ́скащи lǎ́skašti |
лъ́скали, лъска́ли1 lǎ́skali, lǎskáli1 |
лъ́скали lǎ́skali |
лъ́скани lǎ́skani |
лъ́скания, лъ́сканета lǎ́skanija, lǎ́skaneta | |
| definite | лъ́скащите lǎ́skaštite |
лъ́скалите, лъска́лите1 lǎ́skalite, lǎskálite1 |
— | лъ́сканите lǎ́skanite |
лъ́сканията, лъ́сканетата lǎ́skanijata, lǎ́skanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | лъ́скам lǎ́skam |
лъ́скаш lǎ́skaš |
лъ́ска lǎ́ska |
лъ́скаме lǎ́skame |
лъ́скате lǎ́skate |
лъ́скат lǎ́skat | |
| imperfect | лъ́сках lǎ́skah |
лъ́скаше lǎ́skaše |
лъ́скаше lǎ́skaše |
лъ́скахме lǎ́skahme |
лъ́скахте lǎ́skahte |
лъ́скаха lǎ́skaha | |
| aorist | лъ́сках, лъска́х1 lǎ́skah, lǎskáh1 |
лъ́ска, лъска́1 lǎ́ska, lǎská1 |
лъ́ска, лъска́1 lǎ́ska, lǎská1 |
лъ́скахме, лъска́хме1 lǎ́skahme, lǎskáhme1 |
лъ́скахте, лъска́хте1 lǎ́skahte, lǎskáhte1 |
лъ́скаха, лъска́ха1 lǎ́skaha, lǎskáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лъ́скал m, лъ́скала f, лъ́скало n, or лъ́скали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лъ́скал m, лъ́скала f, лъ́скало n, or лъ́скали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лъ́скал m, лъ́скала f, лъ́скало n, or лъ́скали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and лъ́скал/лъска́л1 m, лъ́скала/лъска́ла1 f, лъ́скало/лъска́ло1 n, or лъ́скали/лъска́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| лъ́скай lǎ́skaj |
лъ́скайте lǎ́skajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
verbs
- излъ́скам pf (izlǎ́skam), излъ́свам impf (izlǎ́svam)
- полъ́скам pf (polǎ́skam), полъ́свам impf (polǎ́svam)
noun
- лъ́ска (lǎ́ska, “flake, shiny object”)
- лъ́сък (lǎ́sǎk) (dialectal)
- (resultant noun) лъска́вица (lǎskávica)
- лъска́р m (lǎskár)
- лъска́рка f (lǎskárka)
- (agent noun) лъска́ч (lǎskáč)
Related terms
References
- “лъскам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “лъскам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “ль́скамь (ль́свамь, да ль́снѫ)”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 29
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лъскам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 559
- “льщати сѧ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024
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