тримати

Ukrainian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian тримати (trimati), from Old Polish trzymać, from Proto-Slavic *trimati.[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [treˈmate]
  • IPA(key): [ˈtrɪmɐte] (proscribed or dialectal)
  • (file)

Verb

трима́ти • (trymáty) impf (transitive)

  1. to hold (to grip or grasp)
    трима́ти рука́ми ― trymáty rukámy ― to hold with one's hands
    трима́ти в зуба́х ― trymáty v zubáx ― to hold in one's teeth
  2. to hold, to keep (to keep in a certain position or state)
    трима́ти у стра́ху ― trymáty u stráxu ― to frighten, to terrify
    трима́ти у пові́трі ― trymáty u povítri ― to keep in the air
    трима́ти в зару́чниках ― trymáty v zarúčnykax ― to hold hostage
  3. to hold back, to detain, to stop, to keep (to prevent from commencing an action)
    що тебе́ тут трима́є? ― ščo tebé tut trymáje? ― What is keeping/keeps you here?
    це єди́на річ, яка́ мене́ трима́тає від... ― ce jedýna rič, jaká mené trymátaje vid... ― This is the only thing keeping me from...
  4. to bear, to support, to prop up, to undergird (to prevent from collapsing/falling apart)
  5. to keep (to continue in (a course or mode of action); to uphold or maintain)
    трима́ти ві́дстань ― trymáty vídstanʹ ― to keep distance
    трима́ти мовча́ння ― trymáty movčánnja ― to keep silence
    трима́ти курс ― trymáty kurs ― to head, to be headed
  6. to store (to keep something in a designated place while not in use)
    трима́ти у пам'яті ― trymáty u pamʺjati ― to keep in one's memory, to remember
    трима́ти в холоди́льнику ― trymáty v xolodýlʹnyku ― to keep/store in the fridge
  7. to keep, to own (of living creatures, plants)
    трима́ти коне́й ― trymáty konéj ― to keep horses
    трима́ти рабі́в ― trymáty rabív ― to keep slaves
  8. (colloquial) to take for, to think of as (strictly in a negative sense: to take accusative (someone) + за (for) + accusative (someone))
    трима́ти за ду́рня ― trymáty za dúrnja ― to take someone for a fool
  9. (rare) to persist

Conjugation

Derived terms

Prefixed verbs
  • нетрима́ння n (netrymánnja)
  • так трима́ти (tak trymáty)
  • трима́ння n (trymánnja)
  • трима́ч m (trymáč)

References

  1. Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2017), “трымаць”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 14 (трапкі́ – тэ́чка), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 162
  2. Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “trzymać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 601
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