եմ
Armenian
Alternative forms
- յեմ (yem) — 1922–1940 reformed orthography, following a vowel
Etymology
From Old Armenian եմ (em).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [em], (following a vowel) IPA(key): [jem]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [em], (following a vowel) IPA(key): [jem]
Audio (Eastern Armenian) (file)
Verb
եմ • (em)
Conjugation
defective conjugation (Eastern Armenian)
defective negative conjugation (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
| present | չեմ (čʻem) | չես (čʻes) | չէ (čʻē), չի (čʻi)* | չենք (čʻenkʻ) | չեք (čʻekʻ) | չեն (čʻen) |
| imperfective | չէի (čʻēi) | չէիր (čʻēir) | չէր (čʻēr) | չէինք (čʻēinkʻ) | չէիք (čʻēikʻ) | չէին (čʻēin) |
| *colloquial More complex tenses are formed with the verb չլինել (čʻlinel) | ||||||
defective conjugation (Western Armenian)
Synonyms
- լինել (linel)
Old Armenian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi. See also ես (es), է (ē), են (en).
Verb
եմ • (em)
- to be
- է զի, էր զի, է ուրեք, է երբէք զի... ― ē zi, ēr zi, ē urekʻ, ē erbēkʻ zi... ― sometimes; it happens, it turns out...
- Ես եմ Աստուած՝ որ Էն։ ― Es em Astuac, or Ēn. ― I am that I am.
- Ես եմ՝ ես եմ նոյն որ ջնջեմ։ ― Es em, es em noyn or ǰnǰem. ― I am, it is I, it is I who blot out and pardon.
- Առն միոջ էին երկու որդիք։ ― Aṙn mioǰ ēin erku ordikʻ. ― A certain man had two sons. (literally, “There were two sons of one man.”)
- Էր ամաց երկոտասանից։ ― Ēr amacʻ erkotasanicʻ. ― He was twelve years old.
- Յուտել եմ։ ― Yutel em. ― I am eating.
- է զի, է երբեմն, է ուրէք, էր զի ― ē zi, ē erbemn, ē urēkʻ, ēr zi ― sometimes; now and then
- է որ, են որ ― ē or, en or ― some, some one; one ... and the other; some ... others; some... some; sometimes
- ողջ ե՛ր ― ołǰ ér ― live, fare thee well
- Են նորա երկու որդիք։ ― En nora erku ordikʻ. ― He has two sons. (literally, “There are two sons of him.”)
- իցեն այսոքիկ որպէս եւ են ― icʻen aysokʻik orpēs ew en ― whatever it may be
Conjugation
active
| infinitive | — | participle | — | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| causative | — | aorist stem | - | ||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | ես | դու | նա | մեք | դուք | նոքա | |
| present | {{{2}}}եմ ({{{2}}}em) | {{{2}}}ես ({{{2}}}es) | {{{2}}}է ({{{2}}}ē) | {{{2}}}եմք ({{{2}}}emkʻ) | {{{2}}}էք ({{{2}}}ēkʻ) | {{{2}}}են ({{{2}}}en) | |
| imperfect | {{{2}}}էի, {{{2}}}եի* ({{{2}}}ēi, {{{2}}}ei*) | {{{2}}}էիր, {{{2}}}եիր* ({{{2}}}ēir, {{{2}}}eir*) | {{{2}}}էր ({{{2}}}ēr) | {{{2}}}էաք, {{{2}}}եաք* ({{{2}}}ēakʻ, {{{2}}}eakʻ*) | {{{2}}}էիք, {{{2}}}եիք* ({{{2}}}ēikʻ, {{{2}}}eikʻ*) | {{{2}}}էին, {{{2}}}եին* ({{{2}}}ēin, {{{2}}}ein*) | |
| aorist | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| subjunctive | ես | դու | նա | մեք | դուք | նոքա | |
| present | {{{2}}}իցեմ ({{{2}}}icʻem) | {{{2}}}իցես ({{{2}}}icʻes) | {{{2}}}իցէ ({{{2}}}icʻē) | {{{2}}}իցեմք ({{{2}}}icʻemkʻ) | {{{2}}}իցէք ({{{2}}}icʻēkʻ) | {{{2}}}իցեն ({{{2}}}icʻen) | |
| aorist | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| imperatives | — | (դու) | — | — | (դուք) | — | |
| imperative | — | ե՛ր (ér) | — | — | է՛ք, երո՛ւք (ḗkʻ, erúkʻ) | — | |
| cohortative | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| prohibitive | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| *rare the verb is defective subjunctive aorist իցէի (icʻēi) and an infinitive ել (el) are attested from the Hellenizing and Latinizing schools | |||||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Armenian: եմ (em)
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “եմ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “եմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “եմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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