զէն

Old Armenian

Etymology

From Middle Iranian. Compare Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (zyn'), 𐫉𐫏𐫗 (zyn /⁠zēn⁠/, “weapon, armour”), Parthian 𐫉𐫏𐫗 (zyn /⁠zēn⁠/, “weapon, armour”), Sogdian [script needed] (zyn' /⁠zēn⁠/, “armour, weapon”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 m (zaēna, “weapon”), 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁𐬎 f (zaēnāu, “baldric”), which go back to Proto-Iranian *zayana- or *zaina-. For further origin compare Sanskrit हिनोति (hinóti, “to impel, stimulate”), from root *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”). Compare also Iranian borrowings: Tocharian B tsain (“arrow”), plural tsainwa, Old Aramaic 𐡆𐡉𐡍𐡀 (zynʾ), Classical Syriac ܙܝܢܐ (zaynāʾ, “weapon”), Classical Mandaic ࡆࡀࡉࡍࡀ (zaina, “armour”) and Georgian ზეინ-კალ-ი (zein-ḳal-i, “armourer, metal-worker”).

Doublet of գայիսոն (gayison).

Noun

զէն • (zēn)

  1. arm, weapon; armament, armour, munition, harness
    զէն եւ զարդ ― zēn ew zard ― armour, arming
    զէն ի ձեռին ― zēn i jeṙin ― in arms; armed, bearing arms
    զինու զօրութեամբ ― zinu zōrutʻeamb ― with arms; by main strength
    զէնս կրել ― zēns krel ― to carry, to bear arms
    ի զէն գնալ, ընթանալ, դառնալ, զէն առնուլ, զգենուլ, ի վեր առնուլ, ի զէն վառիլ ― i zēn gnal, əntʻanal, daṙnal, zēn aṙnul, zgenul, i ver aṙnul, i zēn vaṙil ― to fly to arms, to buckle on one's armour, to take up arms, to arm oneself
    զէն առնուլ ընդդէմ ― zēn aṙnul ənddēm ― to bear arms against
    ի զէն վառել ― i zēn vaṙel ― to put under arms
    ի բաց թողուլ զզէնս ― i bacʻ tʻołul zzēns ― to lay down one's arms
    հրաման կրելոյ զէնս ― hraman kreloy zēns ― license to shoot
    հրաթափ զէնք ― hratʻapʻ zēnkʻ ― fire arms, guns, muskets, rifles
    հատու զէնք ― hatu zēnkʻ ― side arms, weapons, cutting, edge
    վառեալ ի զէն եւ ի զարդ ― vaṙeal i zēn ew i zard ― armed from head to foot
    առաջին փորձ զինուց ― aṙaǰin pʻorj zinucʻ ― one's first passage in arms
    այր զինու ― ayr zinu ― man at arms
    ազգ կիրթ ի հրահանգս զինուց ― azg kirtʻ i hrahangs zinucʻ ― a nation inured to war
    ի զէ՛ն, ի զէ՛ն ― i zḗn, i zḗn ― to arms!
    զէն ի վե՛ր, յառա՛ջ, զէն ի վա՛յր ― zēn i vér, yaṙáǰ, zēn i váyr ― carry, present, ground arms!
    կազմ ի զէ՛ն ― kazm i zḗn ― ready!
    զէն կալէ՛ք, զէն առէ՛ք, զէն ի ձե՛ռս ― zēn kalḗkʻ, zēn aṙḗkʻ, zēn i jéṙs ― support arms!
    սպանանել զինուք ― spananel zinukʻ ― to put to the sword
    ելանել ընդ զէնս ― elanel ənd zēns ― to commit suicide
    դուլ զինուց ― dul zinucʻ ― a truce
    սահմանք քաջաց զէնն իւրեանց ― sahmankʻ kʻaǰacʻ zēnn iwreancʻ ― the arms of the brave decide the limits of their power
    հին զէնն ― hin zēnn ― (figuratively) woman, female

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Armenian: զենք (zenkʻ)

References

  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “զէն”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “զէն”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “զէն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
  • Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 880
  • Bartholomae, Christian (1904) Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary]‎ (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, columns 1650–1651
  • Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “zēn”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 231
  • Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 32b, 354a
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “¹zēn”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 99
  • Gharib, B. (1995) “zyn'”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 470b
  • Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, pages 386–387
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