آشنا
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾšnwʾk' /āšnāg/, “known”), ultimately from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Note also Old Persian [script needed] (ašnaiy, “near”). Possibly akin to Old Armenian Աշնակ (Ašnak, a male given name). Related to شناختن (šenâxtan, “to know, to be acquainted with”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔɑːʃ.nɑː], [ʔɑː.ʃi.nɑː]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʔɑːʃ.nɑː], [ʔɑː.ʃɪ.nɑː]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʔɑːʃ.nɑː], [ʔɑː.ʃɪ.nɑː]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʔɔːʃ.nɔː], [ʔɔː.ʃi.nɔː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔɒːʃ.nɒː], [ʔɒː.ʃe.nɒː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔɔʃ.nɔ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | āšnā, āšinā |
| Dari reading? | āšnā, āšinā |
| Iranian reading? | âšnâ, âšenâ |
| Tajik reading? | ošno |
Audio (Iran) (file)
Noun
آشنا • (âšnâ or âšenâ) (plural آشنایان (âšnâyân) or آشناها (âšnâ-hâ))
- acquaintance, friend
- late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “زاهد خلوتنشین دوش به میخانه شد”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:
- مغبچهای میگذشت راهزن دین و دل، در پی آن آشنا از همه بیگانه شد.
- moğ-bačče-ye mi-gozašt râhzan-e din o del, dar pey-e ân âšnâ az hame bigâne šod.
- A Magian child was passing by, [that] bandit of faith and hearts; to follow that friendly one, he stopped knowing anyone else.
Descendants
References
- Herzenberg, L. G. (2014) “Studies in Persian Etymology II”, in Acta Linguistica Petropolitana, volume 10, number 1, published by P. A. Kocharov and A. V. Shatskov, page 37 of 19–48
- Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 34(1), page 8
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “āšnāg”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 13
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian آشنا (āšnā).
Ushojo
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