اسفند
Persian
Alternative forms
- اسپند
- سپند
Etymology 1
A contraction of اسفندارمذ , اسفندارمزد , from Middle Persian spndrmt’ (Spandarmad, literally “holy thought”); name of the fourth Amahraspand (divine deity) in Zoroastrianism and a Goddess. Compare Old Armenian սանդարամետ (sandaramet), սպանդարամետ (spandaramet), Iranian borrowings.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔis.fanð]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʔɪs.fän̪d̪]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʔɪs.fän̪d̪]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʔis.fän̪d̪̥]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔes.fæn̪d̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔis.fän̪d̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | isfand |
| Dari reading? | isfand |
| Iranian reading? | esfand |
| Tajik reading? | isfand |
audio (file)
Proper noun
| Dari | اسفند |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | Исфанд |
اسفند • (esfand)
- Esfand, the twelfth month of the solar Persian calendar.
- Name of the fifth day of any month of the solar Persian calendar.
Etymology 2
From Middle Persian [script needed] (spand), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cwantaH (“holy”) (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀 (spəṇta, “holy”), because the plant is used in fumigation against evil eye. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwen-. Cognate to Pashto "Spelani", the same thing.
Descendants
- → Ottoman Turkish: اسفند
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