درد

See also: دزد

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Persian درد (dard).

Noun

درد • (dert)

  1. pain, suffering, agony
  2. disease, illness
  3. affliction, woe; trouble
  4. annoyance
  5. grievance

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Turkish: dert

Further reading

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian dlt' (dard, “pain”), from Proto-Iranian *dar-ta- (“torn, burning, pain”),[1] from Proto-Iranian *darH- (“to have pain”), from either Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, split”) or Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to split, suffer, be in pain”), the latter which Cheung considers to be related to the former.[2][3] See also دریدن (daridan, “to ravage, attack”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d̪äɹd̪]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [d̪äɹd̪]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [d̪äɹd̪̥]

Readings
Classical reading? dard
Dari reading? dard
Iranian reading? dard
Tajik reading? dard

Noun
Dari درد
Iranian Persian
Tajik дард

درد • (dard)

  1. pain
  2. ache
  3. affliction
  4. disease
  5. illness
  6. complaint
Derived terms

(verbs)

(others)

Descendants
Descendants
  • → Azerbaijani: dərd
  • → Bengali: দরদ (dorod)
  • → Gujarati: દર્દ (dard)
  • → Hindustani:
    Urdu: درد (dard)
    Hindi: दर्द (dard)
  • → Kazakh: дерт (dert)
  • → Northern Kurdish: derd
  • → Middle Armenian: դարդ (dard), տարտ (tart), դերդ (derd), տէրտ (tērt)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: درد (dert)
  • → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਦ (darad)
    Shahmukhi script: دَرَد (darad)
  • → Zazaki: derd
  • → Uyghur: دەرد (derd)
  • → Uzbek: dard

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 342
  2. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 61
  3. Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 89

Etymology 2

From Proto-Iranian *dr̥ti- (“manure, feces”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰṛ-to-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreyd- (“to have diarrhea”), whence also English dirt, Old Norse dríta (“to defecate”), and Russian дриста́ть (dristátʹ, “to shart”). Possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to spring, leap”) (whence perhaps Sanskrit धारा (dhārā, “current, torrent”)).[1]

Compare the Iranian borrowings: Aramaic דּוּרְדָּא / דֻּרְדָּא (durdā, “sediment; lees”), in plural דּוּרְדֵּי / דֻּרְדֵּי (durdī); Arabic دُرْدِيّ (durdiyy, “liquid sediment, lees, amurca”).

Alternative forms
  • دردی (dordi)

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d̪ʊɹd̪]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [d̪ʊɹd̪]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [d̪uɹd̪̥]

Readings
Classical reading? durd
Dari reading? durd
Iranian reading? dord
Tajik reading? durd

Noun

درد • (dord)

  1. dregs
Descendants
  • → Middle Armenian: դիրտ (dirt), տիրտ (tirt), դուրտ (durt), տուրտին (turtin), դրտին (drtin), դրուրտ (drurt), դուրտին (durtin) (see there for further descendants)[2]
  • → Armenian: դըռդի (dəṙdi)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: طورتی (tortu)
  • → Azerbaijani: torta
  • → Georgian: დურდო (durdo)
  • → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: [script needed] (dürtʿ)
  • → Northern Kurdish: tort

See also
  • کسپه (kospe, “oil cake”)

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 356
  2. Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “դիրտ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 670b

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian درد (dard), from Middle Persian dlt' (dard, “pain”).

Pronunciation

Noun

دَرْد • (dard) m (Hindi spelling दर्द)

  1. pain; ache
  2. (by extension) symptom, illness
  3. suffering
  4. (figuratively):
    1. affliction
    2. pity
    3. sorrow, grief

Declension
Declension of درد
singular plural
direct درد (dard) درد (dard)
oblique درد (dard) دردوں (dardō̃)
vocative درد (dard) دردو (dardō)

Further reading
  • “درد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “درد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “درد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
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