ܩܕܡ

See also: ܩܪܡ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1
Root
ܩ ܕ ܡ (q d m)
9 terms

From Aramaic קְדַם (qəḏam); related to Arabic قَدَمَ (qadama) and Hebrew קָדַם (kadám).

Pronunciation
  • (standard) IPA(key): [qɑːðemː]
  • (Nineveh Plains) IPA(key): [qɑːðɪmː]
  • (Urmian) IPA(key): [qɑːdɪmː]

Verb

ܩܵܕ݂ܹܡ • (qāḏēm) (present participle ܩܕ݂ܵܡܵܐ (qḏāmā), past participle ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܵܐ (qḏīmā))

  1. to precede, to come before
Conjugation
Conjugation of ܩܵܕܹܡ (qādēm)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ܩܕܝܼܡ ܠܝܼ
(qdīm lī)		 ܩܕܝܼܡ ܠܘܼܟ݂
(qdīm lūḵ)		 ܩܕܝܼܡ ܠܹܗ
(qdīm lēh)		 ܩܕܝܼܡ ܠܲܢ
(qdīm lan)		 ܩܕܝܼܡ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ
(qdīm lāwḵōn)		 ܩܕܝܼܡ ܠܗܘܿܢ
(qdīm lhōn)
f ܩܕܝܼܡ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ
(qdīm lāḵ)		 ܩܕܝܼܡ ܠܵܗ̇
(qdīm lāh)
non-past m ܩܵܕܡܹܢ
(qādmēn)		 ܩܵܕܡܹܬ
(qādmēt)		 ܩܵܕܹܡ
(qādēm)		 ܩܵܕܡܲܚ
(qādmaḥ)		 ܩܵܕܡܝܼܬܘܿܢ
(qādmītōn)		 ܩܵܕܡܝܼ
(qādmī)
f ܩܵܕܡܵܢ
(qādmān)		 ܩܵܕܡܵܬܝ
(qādmāt)		 ܩܵܕܡܵܐ
(qādmā)
imperative m ܩܕܘܿܡ
(qdōm)		 ܩܕܘܿܡܘܼܢ
(qdōmūn)
f ܩܕܘܿܡܝ
(qdōm)
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Root
ܩ ܕ ܡ (q d m)
9 terms

From Aramaic קֳדָם (qŏḏām); related to Hebrew קֹדֶם (kódem), Akkadian 𒁾𒊕 (qudmu [DUB.SAG]) and Arabic قُدَّامَ (quddāma).

Pronunciation
  • (standard) IPA(key): [qam.]

Preposition

ܩܵܕ݇ܡ or ܩܕ݂ܵܡ • (qām or qḏām)

  1. before, in advance of, prior to
    ܥܪܘܿܩ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܵܛܹܐ ― ˁrōq qām māṭē ― Flee before he arrives
    ܕܲܩܝܼܩܵܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܫܘܼܠܵܡܵܐ ― daqīqā min qām šullāmā ― A minute before the end
    ܐܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܙܹܠ݇ܢ ܩܲܕ݇ܡܵܝܵܐ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܢܵܗ̇ ― ānā āzēn qammāyā qām minnāh ― I go first before her
  2. before, in front of, facing
    ܨܠܝܼ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܝܵܡܵܐ ― ṣlī qām yāmā ― Go down in front of the sea
    ܟܹܐ ܡܵܘܕܹܝܢ ܩܵܕ݇ܡܘܼܟ݂ ― kē māwdēn qāmūḵ ― I give thanks before you
  3. ago
    ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܬܪܹܝܢ ܝܵܘܡܵܢܹ̈ܐ ― qām trēn yāwmānē ― Two days ago
    ܐ݇ܙܝܼܠ ܠܹܗ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܚܲܡܸܫ ܫܵܥܹ̈ܐ ― zīl lēh qām ḥammiš šāˁē ― He left 5 hours ago
Usage notes
  • The English adverb and preposition before is translated as ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܗܵܕܲܟ݂ (qām hādaḵ) or a phrase like ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ (qām ˁiddānā, literally “before (this) time”) or ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܐܵܕܝܼܵܐ (qām ādīyā, literally “before now”) used as an adverb.
    ܗܸܟ̃ ܠܹܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܥܒ݂ܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ ܗܵܢܵܐ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ ― hič lē ìwen ˁḇīḏā hānā qām ˁiddānā ― I have never done this before
Inflection
Inflection of ܩܵܕ݇ܡ (qām)
Base Form ܩܵܕ݇ܡ
(qām)
Personal-pronoun including forms singular plural
m f
1st person ܩܵܕ݇ܡܝܼ
(qāmī)		 ܩܵܕ݇ܡܲܢ
(qāman)
2nd person ܩܵܕ݇ܡܘܼܟ݂
(qāmūḵ)		 ܩܵܕ݇ܡܵܟ݂ܝ
(qāmāḵ)		 ܩܵܕ݇ܡܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ
(qāmāwḵōn)
3rd person ܩܵܕ݇ܡܹܗ
(qāmēh)		 ܩܵܕ݇ܡܵܗ̇
(qāmāh)		 ܩܵܕ݇ܡܗܘܿܢ
(qāmhōn)
Antonyms
Derived terms

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܩ-ܕ-ܡ (q-d-m) related to preceding. Compare Arabic قَدَمَ (qadama) and Hebrew קָדַם (qāḏam).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [q(ə)ðam]

Verb

ܩܕܡ • (transliteration needed)

  1. to precede, to come before

Etymology 2

From the root ܩ-ܕ-ܡ (q-d-m) related to preceding. Compare Akkadian 𒁾𒊕 (qudmu [DUB.SAG]) and Hebrew קֹדֶם (qṓḏem).

Alternative forms
  • ܩܕܝܡ

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [q(ə)ðɑm]

Conjunction

ܩܕܡ • (transliteration needed)

  1. before

Preposition

ܩܕܡ • (transliteration needed)

  1. before, in front of
  2. among, in the presence of
  3. against
Inflection

Takes type-II suffixes.

    declension of ܩܕܡ
1st c. sg. (me) ܩܕܡܝ
2nd m. sg. (you) ܩܕܡܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (you) ܩܕܡܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (him) ܩܕܡܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her) ܩܕܡܝܗ
1st c. pl. (us) ܩܕܡܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (you) ܩܕܡܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (you) ܩܕܡܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (them) ܩܕܡܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (them) ܩܕܡܝܗܝܢ
Antonyms

References
  • “qdm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 310a
  • Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 490b
  • Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 1318a-b
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