अप्

See also: अप, अपि, and अपी

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-.

Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a /⁠apiyā⁠/, “into the water”), Tocharian B āp (“water”), Hittite 𒄩𒉺𒀀 (ḫa-pa-a, “towards the river”), Persian آب (âb), Latin amnis (“river”).

Pronunciation

Noun

अप् • (áp) stem, f

  1. water (also personified as a deity)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:जल
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.9.1:
      आपो॒ हि ष्ठा म॑यो॒भुव॒स्ता न॑ ऊ॒र्जे द॑धातन।
      म॒हे रणा॑य॒ चक्ष॑से॥
      ā́po hí ṣṭhā́ mayobhúvastā́ na ūrjé dadhātana.
      mahé ráṇāya cákṣase.
      Ye, Waters, are beneficent: so help ye us to energy
      That we may look on great delight.
  2. (astronomy) the star δ Virginis in Virgo

Usage notes

In Vedic Sanskrit, used both in singular and in plural; in Classical Sanskrit, only in plural.

Declension

Declension of अप्
Nom. sg. —
Gen. sg. —
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative — — आपः (āpaḥ)
Vocative — — आपः (āpaḥ)
Accusative — — अपः (apaḥ)
Instrumental अपा (apā) — अद्भिः (adbhiḥ)
Dative — — अद्भ्यः (adbhyaḥ)
Ablative अपः (apaḥ) — अद्भ्यः (adbhyaḥ)
Genitive — — अपाम् (apām)
Locative — — अप्सु (apsu)

Derived terms

  • अपांवत्स (apāṃvatsa)
  • अपांसंवर्त (apāṃsaṃvarta)
  • अपाम्_नपात् (apām_napāt)
  • अप्कृत्स्नम् (apkṛtsnam)
  • अप्चर (apcara)
  • अप्पति (appati)
  • अप्पित्तम (appittama)
  • अप्सरस् (apsaras)
  • अब्ज (abja)
  • आप्त्य (āptya)

Descendants

  • Dardic:
    • Dameli: [script needed] (âu)
    • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (aw)
  • Pali: āpa
  • → Old Marathi: आप (āpa) (learned)

Further reading

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