कष्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • কষ্ (Assamese script)
  • ᬓᬱ᭄ (Balinese script)
  • কষ্ (Bengali script)
  • 𑰎𑰬𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀓𑀱𑁆 (Brahmi script)
  • ကၑ် (Burmese script)
  • કષ્ (Gujarati script)
  • ਕਸ਼੍ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌕𑌷𑍍 (Grantha script)
  • ꦏꦰ꧀ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂍𑂭𑂹 (Kaithi script)
  • ಕಷ್ (Kannada script)
  • កឞ៑ (Khmer script)
  • ກຩ຺ (Lao script)
  • കഷ് (Malayalam script)
  • ᡬᠠᢢ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘎𑘬𑘿 (Modi script)
  • ᢉᠠᢔ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦮𑧌𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐎𑐲𑑂 (Newa script)
  • କଷ୍ (Odia script)
  • ꢒꢰ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆑𑆰𑇀 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖎𑖬𑖿 (Siddham script)
  • කෂ් (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩜𑪀 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚊𑚶 (Takri script)
  • கஷ் (Tamil script)
  • కష్ (Telugu script)
  • กษฺ (Thai script)
  • ཀ་ཥ྄ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒏𑒭𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨋𑨯𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From a colloquial form of the root कृष् (kṛṣ, “to draw, pull, drag”). Pokorny's original derivation from a supposed Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub”) (for which he cites Proto-Slavic *korsta (“scab”), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”), and English harsh) is obsolete.

Pronunciation

Root

कष् • (kaṣ)

  1. to rub, scratch, scrape
  2. to itch
  3. to rub with a touchstone, test, try
  4. to injure, hurt, destroy
  5. to leap

Derived terms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कष्‎ (0 c, 3 e)
Primary Verbal Forms
  • कषति (káṣati, Present)
  • कषिष्यति (kaṣiṣyáti, Future)
  • कषिता (kaṣitā́, Periphrastic Future)
  • अकाषीत् (ákāṣīt, Aorist)
  • चकाष (cakā́ṣa, Perfect)
Secondary Forms
  • कष्यते (kaṣyáte, Passive)
  • अकाषि (ákāṣi, Passive)
  • काषयति (kāṣáyati, Causative)
  • अचीकषत् (ácīkaṣat, Causative)
  • चिकषिषति (cikaṣiṣati, Desiderative)
  • चाकषीति (cākaṣīti, Intensive)
  • चाकष्यते (cākaṣyate, Intensive)
Non-Finite Forms
  • कषितुम् (káṣitum, Infinitive)
  • कषित्वा (kaṣitvā́, Gerund)
  • कषित (kaṣitá, Past Participle)
Derived Nominal Forms
  • कष (káṣa, “rubbing, scraping, rubbing away”)
  • कषण (káṣaṇa, “rubbing oneself”)
  • कषि (kaṣí, “hurtful, injurious”)
  • कषाय (kaṣāya, “astringent, extract”)
  • कष्ट (kaṣṭá, “injury, pain, hardship”)

Descendants
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root कष्‎ (1 c, 0 e)

References
  • Monier Williams (1899) “कष्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0265/2.
  • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 018
  • Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “कष्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 331-2
  • Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 269
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 532, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 532
  • Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 231
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