てば

Japanese

Etymology 1

て (te, continuative form (連用形) of つ (tsu)) + ば (ba, “particle to make to form the provisional”).

Phrase

てば • (te ba) 

  1. (archaic, obsolete) Resultative assumption: if
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū:
      夢(いめ)耳(のみに) 見(みて)尚(すら)幾許(ここだ) 戀(こふる)吾者(あは) 寤(うつつに)見(みて)者(ば) 益而(まして)如何(いかに)有(あらむ) [Man'yōgana]
      夢(いめ)のみに 見(み)てすらここだ 恋(こ)ふる我(あ)は うつつに見(み)てば ましていかにあらむ [Modern spelling]
      <Ime2 no2mi2 ni mi1te sura ko2ko2da ko1puru a pa ututu ni mi1te ba masite ika ni aramu>
      → Ime nomi ni mite sura kokoda kouru a wa utsutsu ni mite ba mashite ika ni aramu
      Even just dreamt you, I love you so that much; if I actually see you, what will even happen to me?

Etymology 2

Contraction of と言(い)えば (to ieba), from と (to, “particle of quotation”) + 言(い)え (ie, Hypothetical form (仮定形) of 言(い)う (iu, “to say”)) + ば (ba, “particle to make to form the provisional”).

Alternative forms

Particle

てば • (teba) 

  1. (informal, rare) Contraction of と言えば (to ieba): speaking of
    • 1709, Zappai (雑俳): Karukuchi tonsaku (軽口頓作)
      にくい事(こと)・やすいかもじゃとおもたてば
      Nikui koto yasui kamo ja to omota teba
      Hard affairs, when I had thought that might be easy.
  2. (informal, childish or women's speech) Binding particle used to show as a topic with feelings of familiarity or criticism.
    うちの父(とう)さんてば足(あし)が臭(くさ)いのよ。
    Uchi no tōsan teba ashi ga kusai noyo.
    My daddy does have stinky legs.
  3. (informal) Sentence-final particle used to emphasize a point and express irritation.
    そんな事(こと)はしませんてば。
    Sonna koto wa shimasen teba.
    I'm not going to do such a thing.
Usage notes

Attaches only after the words end with ん (n). Otherwise, it changes into ってば (tteba).

Noun

てば • (teba) 

  1. 手羽: chicken wing
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