努める

Japanese

Kanji in this term
努
つと
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
勉める
力める

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) つとめ​る [tsùtóméꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝto̞me̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "努める"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
努める つとめ​る [tsùtóméꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 努めろ つとめ​ろ [tsùtóméꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 努められる つとめられ​る [tsùtóméráréꜜrù]
Causative 努めさせる つとめさせ​る [tsùtómésáséꜜrù]
Potential 努められる つとめられ​る [tsùtóméráréꜜrù]
Volitional 努めよう つとめよ​ー [tsùtóméyóꜜò]
Negative 努めない つとめ​ない [tsùtóméꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 努めなかった つとめ​なかった [tsùtóméꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 努めます つとめま​す [tsùtómémáꜜsù]
Perfective 努めた つと​めた [tsùtóꜜmètà]
Conjunctive 努めて つと​めて [tsùtóꜜmètè]
Hypothetical conditional 努めれば つとめ​れば [tsùtóméꜜrèbà]

Verb

努(つと)める • (tsutomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 努(つと)め (tsutome), past 努(つと)めた (tsutometa))

  1. endeavor, strive for, make an effort

Conjugation

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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