命じる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 命 |
| めい Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi |
Etymology
Shift from verb 命ずる (meizuru), by natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) めーじる [mèéjírú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
- (Tokyo) めーじる [mèéjíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2][3]
- IPA(key): [me̞ːʑiɾɯ̟ᵝ]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "命じる"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
命じる | めーじる | [mèéjírú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 命じろ | めーじろ | [mèéjíró] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 命じられる | めーじられる | [mèéjírárérú] |
| Causative | 命じさせる | めーじさせる | [mèéjísásérú] |
| Potential | 命じられる | めーじられる | [mèéjírárérú] |
| Volitional | 命じよう | めーじよー | [mèéjíyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 命じない | めーじない | [mèéjínáí] |
| Negative perfective | 命じなかった | めーじなかった | [mèéjínáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 命じます | めーじます | [mèéjímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 命じた | めーじた | [mèéjítá] |
| Conjunctive | 命じて | めーじて | [mèéjíté] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 命じれば | めーじれば | [mèéjíréꜜbà] |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "命じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 命じ | めいじ | meiji | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 命じ | めいじ | meiji | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 命じる | めいじる | meijiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 命じる | めいじる | meijiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 命じれ | めいじれ | meijire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 命じよ¹ 命じろ² |
めいじよ¹ めいじろ² |
meijiyo¹ meijiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 命じられる | めいじられる | meijirareru | |
| Causative | 命じさせる 命じさす |
めいじさせる めいじさす |
meijisaseru meijisasu | |
| Potential | 命じられる 命じれる³ |
めいじられる めいじれる³ |
meijirareru meijireru³ | |
| Volitional | 命じよう | めいじよう | meijiyō | |
| Negative | 命じない 命じぬ 命じん |
めいじない めいじぬ めいじん |
meijinai meijinu meijin | |
| Negative continuative | 命じず | めいじず | meijizu | |
| Formal | 命じます | めいじます | meijimasu | |
| Perfective | 命じた | めいじた | meijita | |
| Conjunctive | 命じて | めいじて | meijite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 命じれば | めいじれば | meijireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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