彷徨う

Japanese
Kanji in this term
彷 徨
さまよ
Hyōgaiji Hyōgaiji
jukujikun
Alternative spellings
さ迷う
徘徊う (rare)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]

Possibly a compound of さ (sa, emphatic or beautification prefix) +‎ 迷う (mayou, “to be lost, to stray; to be uncertain”).[1] Compare さ寝(ぬ) (sanu), さまねし (samaneshi).

Alternatively, might be a compound of 様・方 (sama, “direction”) +‎ よう (you, of uncertain meaning, possibly “to be unsettled”; seen as the latter element in verbs 漂う (tadayou, “to float about, to drift”) or 猶予う (izayou, “to hesitate”)).[2]

One source suggests cognacy with now-obsolete verb 吟う・呻吟う (samayou, “to wail in sadness”);[3] however, the semantics are difficult to reconcile.

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Literary Chinese 彷徨 (pánghuáng).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) さまよ​う [sàmáyóꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])[3]
  • IPA(key): [sa̠ma̠jo̞ɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "彷徨う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 彷徨う さまよ​う [sàmáyóꜜù]
Imperative (命令形) 彷徨え さまよ​え [sàmáyóꜜè]
Key constructions
Passive 彷徨われる さまよわれ​る [sàmáyówáréꜜrù]
Causative 彷徨わせる さまよわせ​る [sàmáyówáséꜜrù]
Potential 彷徨える さまよえ​る [sàmáyóéꜜrù]
Volitional 彷徨おう さまよお​ー [sàmáyóóꜜò]
Negative 彷徨わない さまよわ​ない [sàmáyówáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 彷徨わなかった さまよわ​なかった [sàmáyówáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 彷徨います さまよいま​す [sàmáyóímáꜜsù]
Perfective 彷徨った さまよ​った [sàmáyóꜜttà]
Conjunctive 彷徨って さまよ​って [sàmáyóꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 彷徨えば さまよ​えば [sàmáyóꜜèbà]

Verb

彷徨(さまよ)う • (samayou) ←さまよふ (samayofu)?intransitive godan (stem 彷徨(さまよ)い (samayoi), past 彷徨(さまよ)った (samayotta))

  1. [from 720] to wander
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      町(まち)から町(まち)へあても無(な)く彷徨(さまよ)い歩(ある)く
      machi kara machi e atemonaku samayoi aruku
      to wander aimlessly from town to town

Conjugation
Conjugation of "彷徨う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 彷徨わ さまよわ samayowa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 彷徨い さまよい samayoi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 彷徨う さまよう samayou
Rentaikei ("attributive") 彷徨う さまよう samayou
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 彷徨え さまよえ samayoe
Meireikei ("imperative") 彷徨え さまよえ samayoe
Key constructions
Passive 彷徨われる さまよわれる samayowareru
Causative 彷徨わせる
彷徨わす		 さまよわせる
さまよわす		 samayowaseru
samayowasu
Potential 彷徨える さまよえる samayoeru
Volitional 彷徨おう さまよおう samayoō
Negative 彷徨わない さまよわない samayowanai
Negative continuative 彷徨わず さまよわず samayowazu
Formal 彷徨います さまよいます samayoimasu
Perfective 彷徨った さまよった samayotta
Conjunctive 彷徨って さまよって samayotte
Hypothetical conditional 彷徨えば さまよえば samayoeba

See also

References
  1. “さ迷・彷徨・徘徊”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. “さ迷う”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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