揺れる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
揺
ゆ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
搖れる (kyūjitai)

Etymology

Derived via regular historical processes from the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) intransitive form of classical Japanese verb 揺る (yuru), itself from Old Japanese.[1][2][3]

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 揺る entry.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ゆれる [yùrérú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [jɯ̟ᵝɾe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "揺れる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 揺れる ゆれる [yùrérú]
Imperative (命令形) 揺れろ ゆれろ [yùréró]
Key constructions
Passive 揺れられる ゆれられる [yùrérárérú]
Causative 揺れさせる ゆれさせる [yùrésásérú]
Potential 揺れられる ゆれられる [yùrérárérú]
Volitional 揺れよう ゆれよ​ー [yùréyóꜜò]
Negative 揺れない ゆれない [yùrénáí]
Negative perfective 揺れなかった ゆれな​かった [yùrénáꜜkàttà]
Formal 揺れます ゆれま​す [yùrémáꜜsù]
Perfective 揺れた ゆれた [yùrétá]
Conjunctive 揺れて ゆれて [yùrété]
Hypothetical conditional 揺れれば ゆれれ​ば [yùréréꜜbà]

Verb

揺(ゆ)れる • (yureru) intransitive ichidan (stem 揺(ゆ)れ (yure), past 揺(ゆ)れた (yureta))

Japanese verb pair
active 揺らす
mediopassive 揺れる
  1. to shake, to quake, to sway back and forth
    地面(じめん)が揺(ゆ)れた。
    Jimen ga yureta.
    The earth shook.
  2. to pitch, to roll, to rock, to toss about (such as a ship on rough seas)
  3. to jolt or joggle (such as a vehicle)
  4. to swing back and forth (such as something suspended or hanging)
  5. to flicker, to waver (such as a flame)
  6. to tremble, to vibrate

Conjugation
Conjugation of "揺れる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 揺れ ゆれ yure
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 揺れ ゆれ yure
Shūshikei ("terminal") 揺れる ゆれる yureru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 揺れる ゆれる yureru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 揺れれ ゆれれ yurere
Meireikei ("imperative") 揺れよ¹
揺れろ²		 ゆれよ¹
ゆれろ²		 yureyo¹
yurero²
Key constructions
Passive 揺れられる ゆれられる yurerareru
Causative 揺れさせる
揺れさす		 ゆれさせる
ゆれさす		 yuresaseru
yuresasu
Potential 揺れられる
揺れれる³		 ゆれられる
ゆれれる³		 yurerareru
yurereru³
Volitional 揺れよう ゆれよう yureyō
Negative 揺れない
揺れぬ
揺れん		 ゆれない
ゆれぬ
ゆれん		 yurenai
yurenu
yuren
Negative continuative 揺れず ゆれず yurezu
Formal 揺れます ゆれます yuremasu
Perfective 揺れた ゆれた yureta
Conjunctive 揺れて ゆれて yurete
Hypothetical conditional 揺れれば ゆれれば yurereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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