擦る

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
擦
す
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
摩る
磨る
擂る

From Old Japanese,[1][2][3] from Proto-Japonic *suru. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *suri.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "擦る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
擦る す​る [súꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 擦れ す​れ [súꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 擦られる すられ​る [sùráréꜜrù]
Causative 擦らせる すらせ​る [sùráséꜜrù]
Potential 擦れる すれ​る [sùréꜜrù]
Volitional 擦ろう すろ​ー [sùróꜜò]
Negative 擦らない すら​ない [sùráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 擦らなかった すら​なかった [sùráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 擦ります すりま​す [sùrímáꜜsù]
Perfective 擦った す​った [súꜜttà]
Conjunctive 擦って す​って [súꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 擦れば す​れば [súꜜrèbà]

Verb

擦(す)る • (suru) transitive godan (stem 擦(す)り (suri), past 擦(す)った (sutta))

Japanese verb pair
active 擦る
mediopassive 擦れる
  1. [from 720] rub, scrub
  2. strike a match
  3. lose at gambling
Conjugation

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
擦
かす
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
掠る

Cognate with 掠める (kasumeru, “to rob”) and かすか (kasuka, “faint”).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

擦(かす)る • (kasuru) transitive godan (stem 擦(かす)り (kasuri), past 擦(かす)った (kasutta))

Japanese verb pair
active 擦る
mediopassive 擦れる
  1. [from c. 1252-1267] to graze, to touch lightly
  2. to take a cut (of profits, etc.), to exploit, to extort
Conjugation

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
擦
こす
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Possibly a compound of こ (ko) +‎ 擦る (suru, “to rub”).[1][4] The ko element might be 粉 (ko, “powder, flour”).[4]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) こす​る [kòsúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞sɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "擦る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
擦る こす​る [kòsúꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 擦れ こす​れ [kòsúꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 擦られる こすられ​る [kòsúráréꜜrù]
Causative 擦らせる こすらせ​る [kòsúráséꜜrù]
Potential 擦れる こすれ​る [kòsúréꜜrù]
Volitional 擦ろう こすろ​ー [kòsúróꜜò]
Negative 擦らない こすら​ない [kòsúráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 擦らなかった こすら​なかった [kòsúráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 擦ります こすりま​す [kòsúrímáꜜsù]
Perfective 擦った こす​った [kòsúꜜttà]
Conjunctive 擦って こす​って [kòsúꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 擦れば こす​れば [kòsúꜜrèbà]

Verb

擦(こす)る • (kosuru) transitive godan (stem 擦(こす)り (kosuri), past 擦(こす)った (kosutta))

Japanese verb pair
active 擦る
mediopassive 擦れる
  1. to rub
    目(め)をこする
    me o kosuru
    to rub one's eyes
  2. to scrub, to scour
  3. to scrape, to scratch
Usage notes

This term is often spelled in hiragana.

Conjugation

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
擦
なす
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Unknown. A surface analysis suggests a compound with the second element being 擦る (suru, “to rub”).

First cited to a text from circa 1809-1813.[5]

Pronunciation

Verb

擦(なす)る • (nasuru) transitive godan (stem 擦(なす)り (nasuri), past 擦(なす)った (nasutta))

  1. to smear, to rub on to (something), to spread over (something)
    Synonym: 塗る (nuru)
  2. to lay blame on (someone), to attribute responsibility to (someone)
Conjugation

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 擦る – see the following entry.
【なぞる】
[verb] to trace (something already written or drawn); to copy
[verb] to trace (with the finger)
(This term, 擦る, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
擦
さす
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 擦る – see the following entry.
【摩さする】
[verb] rub a part of the body to alleviate pain etc.
(This term, 擦る, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. Thorpe, Maner Lawton (1983) Ryūkyūan Language History‎, Doctoral dissertation. University of Southern California, page 322
  5. “擦”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
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