栄える
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 栄 |
| さか Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 榮える (kyūjitai) |
Cognate with 盛る (sakaru, “to become frisky, to flourish”) and 栄す, 盛す (sakasu, “to make something lively”), ultimately deriving from 咲く (saku, “to bloom”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) さかえる [sàkáéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
- (Tokyo) さかえる [sàkáꜜèrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
- IPA(key): [sa̠ka̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "栄える"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
栄える | さかえる | [sàkáéꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 栄えろ | さかえろ | [sàkáéꜜrò] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 栄えられる | さかえられる | [sàkáéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 栄えさせる | さかえさせる | [sàkáésáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 栄えよう | さかえよー | [sàkáéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 栄えない | さかえない | [sàkáéꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 栄えなかった | さかえなかった | [sàkáéꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 栄えます | さかえます | [sàkáémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 栄えた | さかえた | [sàkáꜜètà] |
| Conjunctive | 栄えて | さかえて | [sàkáꜜètè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 栄えれば | さかえれば | [sàkáéꜜrèbà] |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "栄える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 栄え | さかえ | sakae | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 栄え | さかえ | sakae | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 栄える | さかえる | sakaeru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 栄える | さかえる | sakaeru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 栄えれ | さかえれ | sakaere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 栄えよ¹ 栄えろ² |
さかえよ¹ さかえろ² |
sakaeyo¹ sakaero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 栄えられる | さかえられる | sakaerareru | |
| Causative | 栄えさせる 栄えさす |
さかえさせる さかえさす |
sakaesaseru sakaesasu | |
| Potential | 栄えられる 栄えれる³ |
さかえられる さかえれる³ |
sakaerareru sakaereru³ | |
| Volitional | 栄えよう | さかえよう | sakaeyō | |
| Negative | 栄えない 栄えぬ 栄えん |
さかえない さかえぬ さかえん |
sakaenai sakaenu sakaen | |
| Negative continuative | 栄えず | さかえず | sakaezu | |
| Formal | 栄えます | さかえます | sakaemasu | |
| Perfective | 栄えた | さかえた | sakaeta | |
| Conjunctive | 栄えて | さかえて | sakaete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 栄えれば | さかえれば | sakaereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 栄 |
| は Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 榮える (kyūjitai) |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 栄える – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 栄える, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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