涵養

Chinese

		contain	give birth; keep (pets); to support give birth; keep (pets); to support; to bring sb. up; to raise (pig, etc.)
trad. (涵養)		涵	養
simp. (涵养)		涵	养

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hányǎng

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ ㄧㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁴ joeng⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hàm-yông
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hâm-ióng / hâm-iáng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hányǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ ㄧㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hányǎng
  - Wade–Giles: han²-yang³
  - Yale: hán-yǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harnyeang
  - Palladius: ханьян (xanʹjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän³⁵ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haam⁴ joeng⁵
  - Yale: hàahm yéuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁴ joeng⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ham⁴ yêng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm²¹ jœːŋ¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàm-yông
  - Hakka Romanization System: hamˇ iong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ham² yong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàm-yông
  - Hakka Romanization System: hamˇ (r)iong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ham² yong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm-ióng
  - Tâi-lô: hâm-ióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ham'iorng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ham²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ham²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm-iáng
  - Tâi-lô: hâm-iáng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ham'iarng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham¹³⁻²² iaŋ⁵³/

Noun

涵養

self-possession; self-restraint

Synonyms

克己 (kèjǐ)
自制 (zìzhì)
自制力 (zìzhìlì)
自我克制 (zìwǒ kèzhì)
自我控制 (zìwǒ kòngzhì)
自控力 (zìkònglì)

Related terms

教養／教养 (jiàoyǎng)
教育 (jiàoyù)
培養／培养 (péiyǎng)
修養／修养 (xiūyǎng)

Verb

涵養

to conserve (e.g. water)
生態涵養區／生态涵养区 ― shēngtài hányǎng qū ― ecological conservation area

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (涵養):

→ Japanese: 涵養(かんよう) (kan'yō)

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