滅びる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 滅 |
| ほろ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 亡びる |
Etymology
From Classical Japanese verb 滅ぶ (horobu).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) ほろびる [hòróbíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
- (Tokyo) ほろびる [hòróbírú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [ho̞ɾo̞bʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "滅びる"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
滅びる | ほろびる | [hòróbíꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 滅びろ | ほろびろ | [hòróbíꜜrò] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 滅びられる | ほろびられる | [hòróbíráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 滅びさせる | ほろびさせる | [hòróbísáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 滅びよう | ほろびよー | [hòróbíyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 滅びない | ほろびない | [hòróbíꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 滅びなかった | ほろびなかった | [hòróbíꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 滅びます | ほろびます | [hòróbímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 滅びた | ほろびた | [hòróꜜbìtà] |
| Conjunctive | 滅びて | ほろびて | [hòróꜜbìtè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 滅びれば | ほろびれば | [hòróbíꜜrèbà] |
Verb
滅びる • (horobiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 滅び (horobi), past 滅びた (horobita))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 滅ぼす |
| mediopassive | 滅びる |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "滅びる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 滅び | ほろび | horobi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 滅び | ほろび | horobi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 滅びる | ほろびる | horobiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 滅びる | ほろびる | horobiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 滅びれ | ほろびれ | horobire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 滅びよ¹ 滅びろ² |
ほろびよ¹ ほろびろ² |
horobiyo¹ horobiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 滅びられる | ほろびられる | horobirareru | |
| Causative | 滅びさせる 滅びさす |
ほろびさせる ほろびさす |
horobisaseru horobisasu | |
| Potential | 滅びられる 滅びれる³ |
ほろびられる ほろびれる³ |
horobirareru horobireru³ | |
| Volitional | 滅びよう | ほろびよう | horobiyō | |
| Negative | 滅びない 滅びぬ 滅びん |
ほろびない ほろびぬ ほろびん |
horobinai horobinu horobin | |
| Negative continuative | 滅びず | ほろびず | horobizu | |
| Formal | 滅びます | ほろびます | horobimasu | |
| Perfective | 滅びた | ほろびた | horobita | |
| Conjunctive | 滅びて | ほろびて | horobite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 滅びれば | ほろびれば | horobireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Related terms
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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