白い

Japanese

Kanji in this term
白
しろ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Etymology

Modern form of Old Japanese adjective しろし (shiroshi).

⟨siro1si⟩ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → ⟨siro1ki1⟩ (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /siroi/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)

An intervocalic sound-change caused the medial plosive /-k-/ to undergo voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/ (Hamano, 2000).

⟨siro1ki1⟩ → */sirʷokʲi/ → */sirʷogʲi/ → */sirʷoɣi/ → */sirʷoji/ → /siroi/ → [ɕiɾo̞i].

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) しろ​い [shìróꜜì] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • IPA(key): [ɕiɾo̞i]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "白い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 白く し​ろく
しろ​く
[shíꜜròkù]
[shìróꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 白い しろ​い [shìróꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 白い しろ​い [shìróꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 白くない し​ろくない
しろ​くない
[shíꜜròkùnàì]
[shìróꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 白かった し​ろかった
しろ​かった
[shíꜜròkàttà]
[shìróꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 白くなかった し​ろくなかった
しろ​くなかった
[shíꜜròkùnàkàttà]
[shìróꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 白いです しろ​いです [shìróꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 白くて し​ろくて
しろ​くて
[shíꜜròkùtè]
[shìróꜜkùtè]
Conditional 白ければ し​ろければ
しろ​ければ
[shíꜜròkèrèbà]
[shìróꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

白(しろ)い • (shiroi) -i (adverbial 白(しろ)く (shiroku))

  1. white

Inflection

References

  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
  • Hamano, S. Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9: 207. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295
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