眺める

Japanese
Kanji in this term
眺
なが
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

Modern form of classical 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verb 眺む (nagamu).[1] Related to adjective 長い (nagai, “long”), possibly deriving from 長 (naga, “long”) +‎ む (mu, verbalizing suffix, with an underlying meaning of “becoming that way”). Alternatively, may originally derive from the compound 長眺 (naga me, literally “long watching, long gaze”) found in the Kojiki of 711-712 CE.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ながめ​る [nàgáméꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3]
  • IPA(key): [na̠ɡa̠me̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "眺める"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 眺める ながめ​る [nàgáméꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 眺めろ ながめ​ろ [nàgáméꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 眺められる ながめられ​る [nàgáméráréꜜrù]
Causative 眺めさせる ながめさせ​る [nàgámésáséꜜrù]
Potential 眺められる ながめられ​る [nàgáméráréꜜrù]
Volitional 眺めよう ながめよ​ー [nàgáméyóꜜò]
Negative 眺めない ながめ​ない [nàgáméꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 眺めなかった ながめ​なかった [nàgáméꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 眺めます ながめま​す [nàgámémáꜜsù]
Perfective 眺めた なが​めた [nàgáꜜmètà]
Conjunctive 眺めて なが​めて [nàgáꜜmètè]
Hypothetical conditional 眺めれば ながめ​れば [nàgáméꜜrèbà]

Verb

眺(なが)める • (nagameru) transitive ichidan (stem 眺(なが)め (nagame), past 眺(なが)めた (nagameta))

  1. to look at, to view, to gaze
    Often implies for a longer period of time than 見る (miru, “to see, to look at”).
  2. to watch something for a continuous period of time
  3. to look at and consider something carefully
  4. to observe or look off at something in the distance
  5. to space out, to be lost in thought

Conjugation
Conjugation of "眺める" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 眺め ながめ nagame
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 眺め ながめ nagame
Shūshikei ("terminal") 眺める ながめる nagameru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 眺める ながめる nagameru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 眺めれ ながめれ nagamere
Meireikei ("imperative") 眺めよ¹
眺めろ²		 ながめよ¹
ながめろ²		 nagameyo¹
nagamero²
Key constructions
Passive 眺められる ながめられる nagamerareru
Causative 眺めさせる
眺めさす		 ながめさせる
ながめさす		 nagamesaseru
nagamesasu
Potential 眺められる
眺めれる³		 ながめられる
ながめれる³		 nagamerareru
nagamereru³
Volitional 眺めよう ながめよう nagameyō
Negative 眺めない
眺めぬ
眺めん		 ながめない
ながめぬ
ながめん		 nagamenai
nagamenu
nagamen
Negative continuative 眺めず ながめず nagamezu
Formal 眺めます ながめます nagamemasu
Perfective 眺めた ながめた nagameta
Conjunctive 眺めて ながめて nagamete
Hypothetical conditional 眺めれば ながめれば nagamereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Synonyms

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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