經營

See also: 经营

Chinese

		classics; sacred book; pass through classics; sacred book; pass through; to undergo; scripture	army; to deal in; to trade army; to deal in; to trade; to operate; to run; camp; nourishment; to manage
trad. (經營)		經	營
simp. (经营)		经	营

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngyíng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹ jing⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîn-yìn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): keng-êng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng¹ ian⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹cin-yin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngyíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingyíng
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-ying²
  - Yale: jīng-yíng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingyng
  - Palladius: цзинъин (czinʺin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    晶瑩／晶莹
    經營／经营
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging¹ jing⁴
  - Yale: gīng yìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹ jing⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging¹ ying⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-yìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin´ inˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹ yin²
  - Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴ in¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-yìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin´ (r)inˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹ yin²
  - Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴ (j)in¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-êng
  - Tâi-lô: king-îng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keng'eeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³ iɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng¹ ian⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keng iâⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³³⁻²³ ĩã⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹cin-yin
  - MiniDict: cin^平 yin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jin-hhin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɦin²¹/

Verb

經營

to run; to operate; to manage (a business, enterprise, etc.); to do business
經營方針／经营方针 ― jīngyíng fāngzhēn ― management policy

經營範圍／经营范围 ― jīngyíng fànwéi ― business coverage

經營異常／经营异常 ― jīngyíng yìcháng ― business abnormality

Synonyms

打理 (dǎlǐ)
承辦／承办 (chéngbàn)
營運／营运 (yíngyùn)
經手／经手 (jīngshǒu)
經管／经管 (jīngguǎn)
辦理／办理 (bànlǐ)
運作／运作 (yùnzuò)
過手／过手 (Hokkien)
運營／运营 (yùnyíng)

Derived terms

特許經營／特许经营 (tèxǔ jīngyíng)
經營模式／经营模式 (jīngyíng móshì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (經營):

→ Japanese: 経(けい)営(えい) (keiei)
→ Korean: 경영(經營) (gyeong'yeong)
→ Vietnamese: kinh doanh (經營)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
經	營
けい Hyōgaiji	えい Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Noun

經(けい)營(えい) • (keiei)

Kyūjitai form of 経営 (“management”)

Verb

經(けい)營(えい)する • (keiei suru) suru (stem 經(けい)營(えい)し (keiei shi), past 經(けい)營(えい)した (keiei shita))

Kyūjitai form of 経営 (“to manage, to run”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "經營する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	經營し	けいえいし	keiei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	經營し	けいえいし	keiei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	經營する	けいえいする	keiei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	經營する	けいえいする	keiei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	經營すれ	けいえいすれ	keiei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	經營せよ¹ 經營しろ²	けいえいせよ¹ けいえいしろ²	keiei seyo¹ keiei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	經營される	けいえいされる	keiei sareru
Causative	經營させる經營さす	けいえいさせるけいえいさす	keiei saseru keiei sasu
Potential	經營できる	けいえいできる	keiei dekiru
Volitional	經營しよう	けいえいしよう	keiei shiyō
Negative	經營しない	けいえいしない	keiei shinai
Negative continuative	經營せず	けいえいせず	keiei sezu
Formal	經營します	けいえいします	keiei shimasu
Perfective	經營した	けいえいした	keiei shita
Conjunctive	經營して	けいえいして	keiei shite
Hypothetical conditional	經營すれば	けいえいすれば	keiei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
經	營

Noun

經營 • (gyeong'yeong) (hangeul 경영)

Hanja form^? of 경영 (“management, administration”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
經	營

Verb

經營

chữ Hán form of kinh doanh.

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