繕う

Japanese
Kanji in this term
繕
つくろ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

/tukura pu/ → /t͡sukurəfu/ → /t͡sukurofu/ → /t͡sukurou/

Likely first attested in the Ruiju Myōgishō (c. 12th century).

Derived from 作ら (tsukura), the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete or irrealis form”) of verb 作る (tsukuru, “to make”) + ふ (fu, auxiliary verb representing ongoing or repetitive action). The medial /-ra-/ changed early on to /-ro-/.[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) つくろ​う [tsùkúróꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝɾo̞ɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "繕う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 繕う つくろ​う [tsùkúróꜜù]
Imperative (命令形) 繕え つくろ​え [tsùkúróꜜè]
Key constructions
Passive 繕われる つくろわれ​る [tsùkúrówáréꜜrù]
Causative 繕わせる つくろわせ​る [tsùkúrówáséꜜrù]
Potential 繕える つくろえ​る [tsùkúróéꜜrù]
Volitional 繕おう つくろお​ー [tsùkúróóꜜò]
Negative 繕わない つくろわ​ない [tsùkúrówáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 繕わなかった つくろわ​なかった [tsùkúrówáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 繕います つくろいま​す [tsùkúróímáꜜsù]
Perfective 繕った つくろ​った [tsùkúróꜜttà]
Conjunctive 繕って つくろ​って [tsùkúróꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 繕えば つくろ​えば [tsùkúróꜜèbà]

Verb

繕(つくろ)う • (tsukurou) ←つくろふ (tukurofu)?transitive godan (stem 繕(つくろ)い (tsukuroi), past 繕(つくろ)った (tsukurotta))

  1. to repair, mend, patch up (something damaged especially clothing, footwear, etc.)
    Synonyms: 修繕する (shūzen suru), 修理する (shūri suru), 補修する (hoshū suru)
  2. to treat (a wound, injury, disease, etc.)
    Synonym: 手当てする (teate suru)
  3. to adjust, fix (hair, clothing, appearance, etc.)
  4. to keep up appearances

Conjugation
Conjugation of "繕う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 繕わ つくろわ tsukurowa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 繕い つくろい tsukuroi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 繕う つくろう tsukurou
Rentaikei ("attributive") 繕う つくろう tsukurou
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 繕え つくろえ tsukuroe
Meireikei ("imperative") 繕え つくろえ tsukuroe
Key constructions
Passive 繕われる つくろわれる tsukurowareru
Causative 繕わせる
繕わす		 つくろわせる
つくろわす		 tsukurowaseru
tsukurowasu
Potential 繕える つくろえる tsukuroeru
Volitional 繕おう つくろおう tsukuroō
Negative 繕わない つくろわない tsukurowanai
Negative continuative 繕わず つくろわず tsukurowazu
Formal 繕います つくろいます tsukuroimasu
Perfective 繕った つくろった tsukurotta
Conjunctive 繕って つくろって tsukurotte
Hypothetical conditional 繕えば つくろえば tsukuroeba

Derived terms
Derived terms

Idioms
  • 威儀(いぎ)を繕(つくろ)う (igi o tsukurou)
  • 衣紋(えもん)を繕(つくろ)う (emon o tsukurou)

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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