酸い
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 酸 |
| す Grade: 5 |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology
From 酢 (su, “vinegar”) + adjective-forming suffix し (shi), modern い (i).[1] Appears as early as the late Heian period, in the 今昔物語集 (Konjaku Monogatari Shū, “Anthology of Tales from Today and Yesterday”).
The spelling with the kanji 酸 is based on synonyms in Chinese: 酢, 醋, and 酸 all have senses related to sour, and all three can be used in Japanese to spell 酢 (su, “vinegar”).
Adjective
酸い • (sui) -i (adverbial 酸く (suku))
- vinegary, sour
- Synonym: (more common) 酸っぱい
- c. 1120–1140, Konjaku Monogatarishū
- 酒少し濁りてすき様なれど
- sake sukoshi nigorite suki yau naredo
- Although the sake seems a bit cloudy and sour...
- 酒少し濁りてすき様なれど
Inflection
Inflection of 酸い
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 酸かろ | すかろ | sukaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 酸く | すく | suku |
| Terminal (終止形) | 酸い | すい | sui |
| Attributive (連体形) | 酸い | すい | sui |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 酸けれ | すけれ | sukere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 酸かれ | すかれ | sukare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 酸くない | すくない | suku nai |
| Informal past | 酸かった | すかった | sukatta |
| Informal negative past | 酸くなかった | すくなかった | suku nakatta |
| Formal | 酸いです | すいです | sui desu |
| Formal negative | 酸くないです | すくないです | suku nai desu |
| Formal past | 酸かったです | すかったです | sukatta desu |
| Formal negative past | 酸くなかったです | すくなかったです | suku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | 酸くて | すくて | sukute |
| Conditional | 酸ければ | すければ | sukereba |
| Provisional | 酸かったら | すかったら | sukattara |
| Volitional | 酸かろう | すかろう | sukarō |
| Adverbial | 酸く | すく | suku |
| Degree | 酸さ | すさ | susa |
Classical conjugation of "酸し" (ク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 酸く[1] 酸から[2] | すく すから | suku sukara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 酸く[1] 酸かり[2] | すく すかり | suku sukari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 酸し | すし | susi | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 酸き 酸かる | すき すかる | suki sukaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 酸けれ | すけれ | sukere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 酸かれ | すかれ | sukare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 酸からず | すからず | sukarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 酸けれど | すけれど | sukeredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 酸ければ | すければ | sukereba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 酸くば | すくば | sukuba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 酸かりき | すかりき | sukariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 酸かりけり | すかりけり | sukarikeri | |
| Adverbial | 酸く | すく | suku | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
References
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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