飢える
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 飢 |
| う Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 餓える 饑える |
*/uwu/ → /uweru/ → /ueru/
From classical verb 飢う (uu).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "飢える"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
飢える | うえる | [ùéꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 飢えろ | うえろ | [ùéꜜrò] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 飢えられる | うえられる | [ùéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 飢えらせる | うえらせる | [ùéráséꜜrù] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 飢えよう | うえよー | [ùéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 飢えない | うえない | [ùéꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 飢えなかった | うえなかった | [ùéꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 飢えます | うえます | [ùémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 飢えた | うえた | [úꜜètà] |
| Conjunctive | 飢えて | うえて | [úꜜètè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 飢えれば | うえれば | [ùéꜜrèbà] |
Verb
飢える • (ueru) ←うゑる (weru)?intransitive ichidan (stem 飢え (ue), past 飢えた (ueta))
- to starve, be hungry
Conjugation
Conjugation of "飢える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 飢え | うえ | ue | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 飢え | うえ | ue | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 飢える | うえる | ueru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 飢える | うえる | ueru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 飢えれ | うえれ | uere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 飢えよ¹ 飢えろ² |
うえよ¹ うえろ² |
ueyo¹ uero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 飢えられる | うえられる | uerareru | |
| Causative | 飢えさせる 飢えさす |
うえさせる うえさす |
uesaseru uesasu | |
| Potential | 飢えられる 飢えれる³ |
うえられる うえれる³ |
uerareru uereru³ | |
| Volitional | 飢えよう | うえよう | ueyō | |
| Negative | 飢えない 飢えぬ 飢えん |
うえない うえぬ うえん |
uenai uenu uen | |
| Negative continuative | 飢えず | うえず | uezu | |
| Formal | 飢えます | うえます | uemasu | |
| Perfective | 飢えた | うえた | ueta | |
| Conjunctive | 飢えて | うえて | uete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 飢えれば | うえれば | uereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Pronunciation
Conjugation
Conjugation of "飢える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 飢え | かつえ | katsue | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 飢え | かつえ | katsue | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 飢える | かつえる | katsueru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 飢える | かつえる | katsueru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 飢えれ | かつえれ | katsuere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 飢えよ¹ 飢えろ² |
かつえよ¹ かつえろ² |
katsueyo¹ katsuero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 飢えられる | かつえられる | katsuerareru | |
| Causative | 飢えさせる 飢えさす |
かつえさせる かつえさす |
katsuesaseru katsuesasu | |
| Potential | 飢えられる 飢えれる³ |
かつえられる かつえれる³ |
katsuerareru katsuereru³ | |
| Volitional | 飢えよう | かつえよう | katsueyō | |
| Negative | 飢えない 飢えぬ 飢えん |
かつえない かつえぬ かつえん |
katsuenai katsuenu katsuen | |
| Negative continuative | 飢えず | かつえず | katsuezu | |
| Formal | 飢えます | かつえます | katsuemasu | |
| Perfective | 飢えた | かつえた | katsueta | |
| Conjunctive | 飢えて | かつえて | katsuete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 飢えれば | かつえれば | katsuereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
References
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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