둘
| ||||||||||
| 두둑둒둓둔둕둖 둗둘둙둚둛둜둝 둞둟둠둡둢둣둤 둥둦둧둨둩둪둫 | |
| 됴 ← | → 둬 |
|---|---|
Jeju
| 20[a], [b], [c], [d] | ||
| ← 1 | 2 | 3 → [a], [b], [c], [d] |
|---|---|---|
| Native isol.: 둘 (dul) Native attr.: 두 (du) Sino: 이 (i) Ordinal: 둘체 (dulche) Number of days: 이틀 (iteul) | ||
Alternative forms
- 두 (du) — with counters
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tuɭ/
Korean
Etymology 1
Of native Korean origin, from Middle Korean 둟〯 (twǔlh), from Old Korean 二尸 (*TWUPUl). The precise Old Korean phonological form is given in Jilin leishi.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tu(ː)ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [둘(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | dul |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | dul |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tul |
| Yale Romanization? | twūl |
Numeral
| 20 | ||
| ← 1 | 2 | 3 → |
|---|---|---|
| Native isol.: 둘 (dul) Native attr.: 두 (du) Sino-Korean: 이 (i) Hanja: 二 Ordinal: 둘째 (duljjae) | ||
둘 • (dul)
- (native numeral) two
Usage notes
In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.
Etymology 2
Korean reading of various hanja created to represent syllables without Sino-Korean equivalent, used for transcription of native Korean words.
References
- Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 11.