𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂

Pali

Alternative forms

Pronoun

𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂

  1. Brahmi script form of amhe (“we, us”), which is nominative/accusative plural of 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ)

Prakrit

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit अस्मे (asmé, locative of वयम् (vayám, “we”)). First attested in Middle Indo-Aryan as Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀨𑁂 (aphe). Cognate with Magadhi Prakrit 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀫𑁂 (asme), Pali amhe.

Pronoun

𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe) (Devanagari अम्हे, Kannada ಅಮ್ಹೇ) (Maharastri, Sauraseni)

  1. we
    Synonym: (Jain Maharastri) 𑀯𑀬𑀁 (vayaṃ)

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂
Singular Plural
Nominative — 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe)
Accusative — 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe)
Instrumental — 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (amhehiṃ)
Dative — —
Ablative — 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (amhehiṃto)
Genitive — 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (amhāṇaṃ)
Locative — 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (amhesu)
Vocative — —
Note: Many of these forms may be unattested.

Descendants

  • Garhwali: हम (ham)
  • Gujarati: અમે (ame)
  • Konkani: āmi
    Devanagari script: आमि
    Kannada script: ಆಮಿ
    Latin script: ami
  • Old Marathi:
    Modi script: 𑘁𑘦𑘲𑘽 (āmīṃ), 𑘁𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘲 (āmhī)
    Devanagari script: आमीं (āmīṃ), आम्ही (āmhī)
  • Nepali: हामी (hāmī)
  • Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਅਸੀਂ (asī̃), ਅਸਾਂ (asā̃)
    Shahmukhi script: اسیں, اساں
  • Romani: amen, ame
    • Kalo Finnish Romani: ame
  • Sauraseni Apabhramsa: अम्हे
  • Saurashtra: ꢂꢪꢶ (ami)
  • Sindhi:
    Arabic script: اسين, اسان
    Devanagari script: असीं, असां

Further reading

  • E.B. Cowell (1868) The Prákṛit Prakáśa‎, London: Trübner & Co., page 155
  • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 299.
  • Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 39.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “amhē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 43
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