-ость
Old Church Slavonic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-ostь. Some authors claim that the suffix -ость (-ostĭ) is merged from double suffixation *-ot-tь, but there is a lot of evidence that suffix *-ostь already existed in Late Proto-Slavic. Also, compare Old Armenian -ստ (-st).
Suffix
-ость • (-ostĭ) f
- -ness, -ity; deadjectival nominalizing suffix used to create an i-stem feminine noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a quality.
- чистъ (čistŭ, “clean, pure”) → чистость (čistostĭ, “purity”)
- крѣпъ (krěpŭ, “strong”) → крѣпость (krěpostĭ, “strength”)
- мѫдръ (mǫdrŭ, “wise”) → мѫдрость (mǫdrostĭ, “wisdom”)
- боуи (bui, “stupid”) → боуѥсть (bujestĭ, “stupidity”)
- добль (doblĭ, “valiant”) → доблѥсть (dobljestĭ, “valor”)
- горькъ (gorĭkŭ, “bitter”) → горѥсть (gorjestĭ, “bitterness”)
Usage notes
When attached to a soft (palatal) stem, the variant -есть (-estĭ) is used.
Declension
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Declension of -ость (i-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ость -ostĭ |
-ости -osti |
-ости -osti |
| genitive | -ости -osti |
-остью, -остию -ostĭju, -ostiju |
-остьи, -остии -ostĭi, -ostii |
| dative | -ости -osti |
-остьма -ostĭma |
-остьмъ -ostĭmŭ |
| accusative | -ость -ostĭ |
-ости -osti |
-ости -osti |
| instrumental | -остьѭ, -остиѭ -ostĭjǫ, -ostijǫ |
-остьма -ostĭma |
-остьми -ostĭmi |
| locative | -ости -osti |
-остью, -остию -ostĭju, -ostiju |
-остьхъ -ostĭxŭ |
| vocative | -ости -osti |
-ости -osti |
-остьѥ, -остиѥ -ostĭje, -ostije |
Derived terms
Old Church Slavonic terms suffixed with -ость
Russian
Alternative forms
- -есть (-estʹ)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ostь.
Suffix
-ость • (-ostʹ) f
- -ness, -ity (used to form abstract nouns from adjectives)
- твёрдый (tvjórdyj, “hard”) + -ость (-ostʹ) → твёрдость (tvjórdostʹ, “hardness”)
- бе́дный (bédnyj, “poor”) + -ость (-ostʹ) → бе́дность (bédnostʹ, “poorness, poverty”)
- лихо́й (lixój, “daring”) + -ость (-ostʹ) → ли́хость (líxostʹ, “bravery, daring”)
- гла́сный (glásnyj, “open”) + -ость (-ostʹ) → гла́сность (glásnostʹ, “openness”)
- ста́рый (stáryj, “old”) + -ость (-ostʹ) → ста́рость (stárostʹ, “old age”)
- безгра́мотный (bezgrámotnyj, “illiterate”) + -ость (-ostʹ) → безгра́мотность (bezgrámotnostʹ, “illiteracy”)
- безнадёжный (beznadjóžnyj, “hopeless”) + -ость (-ostʹ) → безнадёжность (beznadjóžnostʹ, “hopelessness”)
Declension
Derived terms
Russian terms suffixed with -ость
Related terms
- -ность (-nostʹ)
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