-ական

See also: ական

Armenian

Etymology

From Old Armenian -ական (-akan).

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ական • (-akan)

  1. forming adjectives; -ian, -al
    հորիզոնական ― horizonakan ― horizontal
    հայկական ― haykakan ― Armenian
  2. forming personified nouns, with the meaning of a follower, profession or doer of something; -ist, -er
    ստալինական ― stalinakan ― Stalinist
    վաճառական ― vačaṙakan ― merchant
    թափառական ― tʻapʻaṙakan ― vagabond, vagrant
  3. forming distributive numerals when affixed to cardinal numbers
    մեկական ― mekakan ― one to each
    տասական ― tasakan ― ten to each

Usage notes

The suffix is very productive.

Declension

Derived terms

Armenian terms suffixed with -ական

Old Armenian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Iranian *-(a)kan. Compare Middle Persian -kʾn' (-(a)gān), Persian گان (-gân).

Suffix

-ական • (-akan)

  1. forming adjectives from nouns; -ian, -al
    պարսիկ ― parsik ― a Persian
    պարսկական ― parskakan ― Persian
  2. forming personified nouns, with the meaning of a follower, profession or doer of something; -ist, -er
    փախուստ ― pʻaxust ― flight, fleeing
    փախստական ― pʻaxstakan ― refugee

Usage notes

The suffix was very productive.

Declension

Derived terms

Old Armenian terms suffixed with -ական
Old Armenian terms suffixed with -կան

Descendants

  • Armenian: -ական (-akan)

Further reading

  • Gočanean, Pōġos (2011) Dasakan grabari gorcnakan kʻerakanutʻiwn [Practical Grammar of Classical Old Armenian]‎ (in Armenian), Vienna and Yerevan: Mekhitarist Press, page 64
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1998) “-(ա)կան”, in Hin hayereni verǰacancʻneri cagumə [The Origin of Old Armenian Suffixes] (Hayocʻ lezvi hamematakan kʻerakanutʻyan harcʻer; 2) (in Armenian), Yerevan: Anania Širakacʻi, pages 5–48
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