-lel
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [lɛl]
- Rhymes: -ɛl
Suffix
-lel
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a verb to create a verb either with frequentative or causative meaning. It was also attached to nouns to create new verbs during the Hungarian language reform.
Usage notes
Conjugation
conjugation of -lel
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -lelek | -lelsz | -lel | -lelünk | -leltek | -lelnek | |
| Def. | -lelem | -leled | -leli | -leljük | -lelitek | -lelik | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lellek | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | -leltem | -leltél | -lelt | -leltünk | -leltetek | -leltek | ||
| Def. | -leltem | -lelted | -lelte | -leltük | -leltétek | -lelték | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -leltelek | ― | |||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -lelni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -lelék | -lelél | -lele | -lelénk | -lelétek | -lelének | ||
| Def. | -lelém | -leléd | -lelé | -lelénk | -lelétek | -lelék | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lelélek | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -lel vala, -lelt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -lelendek | -lelendesz | -lelend | -lelendünk | -lelendetek | -lelendenek | ||
| Def. | -lelendem | -lelended | -lelendi | -lelendjük | -lelenditek | -lelendik | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lelendelek | ― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -lelnék | -lelnél | -lelne | -lelnénk | -lelnétek | -lelnének | |
| Def. | -lelném | -lelnéd | -lelné | -lelnénk (or -lelnők) |
-lelnétek | -lelnék | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lelnélek | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -lelt volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -leljek | -lelj or -leljél |
-leljen | -leljünk | -leljetek | -leljenek | |
| Def. | -leljem | -leld or -leljed |
-lelje | -leljük | -leljétek | -leljék | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -leljelek | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -lelt légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -lelni | -lelnem | -lelned | -lelnie | -lelnünk | -lelnetek | -lelniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -lelés | -lelő | -lelt | -lelendő | -lelve (-lelvén) | |||||
| The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of -lel
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -lelhetek | -lelhetsz | -lelhet | -lelhetünk | -lelhettek | -lelhetnek | |
| Def. | -lelhetem | -lelheted | -lelheti | -lelhetjük | -lelhetitek | -lelhetik | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lelhetlek | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | -lelhettem | -lelhettél | -lelhetett | -lelhettünk | -lelhettetek | -lelhettek | ||
| Def. | -lelhettem | -lelhetted | -lelhette | -lelhettük | -lelhettétek | -lelhették | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lelhettelek | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -lelheték | -lelhetél | -lelhete | -lelheténk | -lelhetétek | -lelhetének | ||
| Def. | -lelhetém | -lelhetéd | -lelheté | -lelheténk | -lelhetétek | -lelheték | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lelhetélek | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -lelhet vala, -lelhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -lelhetendek or -lelandhatok |
-lelhetendesz or -lelandhatsz |
-lelhetend or -lelandhat |
-lelhetendünk or -lelandhatunk |
-lelhetendetek or -lelandhattok |
-lelhetendenek or -lelandhatnak | ||
| Def. | -lelhetendem or -lelandhatom |
-lelhetended or -lelandhatod |
-lelhetendi or -lelandhatja |
-lelhetendjük or -lelandhatjuk |
-lelhetenditek or -lelandhatjátok |
-lelhetendik or -lelandhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lelhetendelek or -lelandhatlak |
― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -lelhetnék | -lelhetnél | -lelhetne | -lelhetnénk | -lelhetnétek | -lelhetnének | |
| Def. | -lelhetném | -lelhetnéd | -lelhetné | -lelhetnénk (or -lelhetnők) |
-lelhetnétek | -lelhetnék | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lelhetnélek | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -lelhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -lelhessek | -lelhess or -lelhessél |
-lelhessen | -lelhessünk | -lelhessetek | -lelhessenek | |
| Def. | -lelhessem | -lelhesd or -lelhessed |
-lelhesse | -lelhessük | -lelhessétek | -lelhessék | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lelhesselek | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -lelhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-lelhetni) | (-lelhetnem) | (-lelhetned) | (-lelhetnie) | (-lelhetnünk) | (-lelhetnetek) | (-lelhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | -lelhető | Neg. adj. | -lelhetetlen | Adv. part. | (-lelhetve / -lelhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
Hungarian verbs suffixed with -lel
Suffix
-lel
See also
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
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