-uma
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-udak, from Proto-Uralic *-w-. Cognate with Finnish -ua.
Inflection
Conjugation of -uma (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -un | ei -u | 1st sing. | olen -unud | ei ole -unud pole -unud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -ud | 2nd sing. | oled -unud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ub | 3rd sing. | on -unud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -ume | 1st plur. | oleme -unud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ute | 2nd plur. | olete -unud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -uvad | 3rd plur. | on -unud | ||||||
| passive | -utakse | ei -uta | passive | on -utud | ei ole -utud pole -utud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -usin | ei -unud | 1st sing. | olin -unud | ei olnud -unud polnud -unud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -usid | 2nd sing. | olid -unud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -us | 3rd sing. | oli -unud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -usime | 1st plur. | olime -unud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -usite | 2nd plur. | olite -unud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -usid | 3rd plur. | oli -unud | ||||||
| passive | -uti | ei -utud | passive | oli -utud | ei olnud -utud polnud -utud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -uksin | ei -uks | 1st sing. | -unuksin oleksin -unud |
ei -unuks ei oleks -unud poleks -unud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -uksid | 2nd sing. | -unuksid oleksid -unud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -uks | 3rd sing. | -unuks oleks -unud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -uksime | 1st plur. | -unuksime oleksime -unud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -uksite | 2nd plur. | -unuksite oleksite -unud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -uksid | 3rd plur. | -unuksid oleksid -unud | ||||||
| passive | -utaks | ei -utaks | passive | oleks -utud | ei oleks -utud poleks -utud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -u | ära -u | 2nd sing. | ole -unud | ära ole -unud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | -ugu | ärgu -ugu | 3rd sing. | olgu -unud | ärgu olgu -unud | ||||
| 1st plur. | -ugem | ärme -ume ärme -u ärgem -ugem |
1st plur. | olgem -unud | ärme oleme -unud ärme ole -unud ärgem olgem -unud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | -uge | ärge -uge | 2nd plur. | olge -unud | ärge olge -unud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | -ugu | ärgu -ugu | 3rd plur. | olgu -unud | ärgu olgu -unud | ||||
| passive | -utagu | ärgu -utagu | passive | olgu -utud | ärgu olgu -utud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | -uvat | ei -uvat | active | olevat -unud | ei olevat -unud polevat -unud | ||||
| passive | -utavat | ei -utavat | passive | olevat -utud | ei olevat -utud polevat -utud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | -uma | -utama | nominative | -uda | olla -unud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | -udes | olles -unud | |||||
| inessive | -umas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | -umast | present | -uv | -utav | |||||
| translative | -umaks | past | -unud | -utud | |||||
| abessive | -umata | negative | -umatu | — | |||||
Derived terms
Estonian terms suffixed with -uma
Finnish
Etymology
Either from -ua + -ma or extracted from such instances. Could also be a contraction of -utuma, from -utua + -ma.
Suffix
-uma (front vowel harmony variant -ymä, linguistic notation -UmA)
- Variant of -ma; forms passive action/result nouns from verbs and sometimes nouns.
Derived terms
Finnish terms suffixed with -uma
Gothic
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *-umô.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /u.mɑ/
Suffix
-uma
Derived terms
Old English terms suffixed with -uma
Descendants
- English: -most (from -emest(a))
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