Israel

English

Flag of the State of Israel
Location map of the State of Israel, with disputed territories shown in light green

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle English Israel, from Old English, borrowed from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”).[1][2] In the Bible, it is said to be from the name יִשְׂרֶה אֵל (yisré 'él) given to Jacob in Genesis 32:29, after which his descendants came to be known as Israelites and their land as the "kingdom/land of Israel". The personal name, already attested in Eblaite 𒅖𒊏𒅋 (iš-ra-il) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 (yšrỉl),[3] has been variously translated as "he wrestles with God", "he prevails with God",[4] or "God rules" (possibly from the same root ש־ר־ה/ש־ר־ר as שָׂרָה (“Sarah”)).[5]

Line 27 of the Merneptah Stele (from about 1200 B.C.E.) is thought to contain the earliest attestation of the name Israel in any language, Egyptian ysrjꜣr.

iiz
Z1s Z1s
r
iAr
Z1 T14
A1 B1
Z2

Doublet of Yisroel.

Pronunciation

  • enPR: ĭzʹrā-əl, ĭzʹrē-əl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əl/, /ˈɪz.ɹi.əl/
    (US) enPR: ĭzʹrāl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪl/
    (formal and posh RP) enPR: ĭzʹrā-ĕl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.ɛl/
    (in singing also) enPR: ĭzʹrī-ĕl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹaɪ.ɛl/
    (certain Carolina accents) IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹɛəl/
  • (file)

Proper noun

Israel (plural Israels)

  1. A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. Official name: State of Israel.
  2. (biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.
  3. (historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel.
  4. (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah.
  5. (historical, now proscribed or offensive) The Jews, taken collectively.
  6. A male given name from Hebrew,
    1. Another name for Jacob, notably after Genesis 32:28 and in later references.
  7. A surname.

Usage notes

  • (region): The use of Israel to refer to the region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea has been, since the latter half of the 20th century, sometimes seen as politically or emotionally charged; indeed, this is true of all terms for this region.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Translations

See also

References

  1. “Israel”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  2. “Israel”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  3. Michael G. Hasel, Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant (Brill, 1998)
  4. James P. Boyd, Bible dictionary (Ottenheimer Publishers, 1958)
  5. Victor P. Hamilton, The Book of Genesis: Chapters 18–50 (NICOT, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995)

Further reading

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

Inherited from Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Proper noun

Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Asturian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /israˈel/, [iz.raˈel]

Proper noun

Israel m

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
  • israelín

Catalan

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Israel m

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
  2. a male given name, equivalent to English Israel

Central Huasteca Nahuatl

Proper noun

Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Central Nahuatl

Proper noun

Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Danish

Proper noun

Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Derived terms

Finnish

Etymology

From Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈisrɑel/, [ˈis̠rɑ̝e̞l]
  • Rhymes: -isrɑel
  • Syllabification(key): Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Declension

Inflection of Israel (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative Israel —
genitive Israelin —
partitive Israelia —
illative Israeliin —
singular plural
nominative Israel —
accusative nom. Israel —
gen. Israelin
genitive Israelin —
partitive Israelia —
inessive Israelissa —
elative Israelista —
illative Israeliin —
adessive Israelilla —
ablative Israelilta —
allative Israelille —
essive Israelina —
translative Israeliksi —
abessive Israelitta —
instructive — —
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of Israel (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelini —
accusative nom. Israelini —
gen. Israelini
genitive Israelini —
partitive Israeliani —
inessive Israelissani —
elative Israelistani —
illative Israeliini —
adessive Israelillani —
ablative Israeliltani —
allative Israelilleni —
essive Israelinani —
translative Israelikseni —
abessive Israelittani —
instructive — —
comitative — —
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelisi —
accusative nom. Israelisi —
gen. Israelisi
genitive Israelisi —
partitive Israeliasi —
inessive Israelissasi —
elative Israelistasi —
illative Israeliisi —
adessive Israelillasi —
ablative Israeliltasi —
allative Israelillesi —
essive Israelinasi —
translative Israeliksesi —
abessive Israelittasi —
instructive — —
comitative — —
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelimme —
accusative nom. Israelimme —
gen. Israelimme
genitive Israelimme —
partitive Israeliamme —
inessive Israelissamme —
elative Israelistamme —
illative Israeliimme —
adessive Israelillamme —
ablative Israeliltamme —
allative Israelillemme —
essive Israelinamme —
translative Israeliksemme —
abessive Israelittamme —
instructive — —
comitative — —
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelinne —
accusative nom. Israelinne —
gen. Israelinne
genitive Israelinne —
partitive Israelianne —
inessive Israelissanne —
elative Israelistanne —
illative Israeliinne —
adessive Israelillanne —
ablative Israeliltanne —
allative Israelillenne —
essive Israelinanne —
translative Israeliksenne —
abessive Israelittanne —
instructive — —
comitative — —
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelinsa —
accusative nom. Israelinsa —
gen. Israelinsa
genitive Israelinsa —
partitive Israeliaan
Israeliansa
—
inessive Israelissaan
Israelissansa
—
elative Israelistaan
Israelistansa
—
illative Israeliinsa —
adessive Israelillaan
Israelillansa
—
ablative Israeliltaan
Israeliltansa
—
allative Israelilleen
Israelillensa
—
essive Israelinaan
Israelinansa
—
translative Israelikseen
Israeliksensa
—
abessive Israelittaan
Israelittansa
—
instructive — —
comitative — —

Derived terms

Anagrams

German

Alternative forms

Etymology

Latin Israel, Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈiːsʁaeːl]
  • IPA(key): [ˈɪsʁaeːl] (less common)
  • (file)
  • (file)
  • Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

Israel

  1. (biblical) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
    • 1912, Lutherbibel 1912, 1.Mose 32, 29 (Luther Bible 1912, Genesis 32:29):
      Er sprach: Du sollst nicht mehr Jakob heißen, sondern Israel; denn du hast mit Gott und mit Menschen gekämpft und bist obgelegen.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Proper noun

Israel n (proper noun, genitive Israels or (optionally with an article) Israel)

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean; official name: Staat Israel)

Derived terms

  • israelisch
  • Israeli
  • israelisieren
  • israelfeindlich
  • israelfreundlich
  • israelkritisch
  • antiisraelisch
  • proisraelisch

Further reading

  • “Israel” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “Israel” in Duden online

Iban

Etymology

Borrowed from English Israel.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /israel/

Proper noun

Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Adjective

Israel

  1. Israeli

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל. Doublet of Israil.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɪsˈrael]
  • Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧él

Proper noun

Israel

  1. Israel:
    1. A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean
    2. (biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people
    3. (historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel
    4. (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah
    5. The Jews, taken collectively.
      Synonym: Yahudi

Further reading

Interlingua

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /israˈel/

Proper noun

Israel

  1. (all senses) Israel

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl). The spelling Istrāhēl, from Ἰστρᾱήλ (Istrāḗl), was predominant until the dissemination of Jerome’s Vulgate (5th century CE), which popularized Isrāhēl. The h was gradually lost thereafter.[1]

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Isrāēl m sg (variously declined, genitive Isrāēl or Isrāēlis); indeclinable, third declension

  1. (Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.32.28:
      At ille: Nequaquam, inquit, Iacob appellabitur nomen tuum, sed Israhel: quoniam si contra Deum fortis fuisti quanto magis contra homines praevalebis.
  2. (New Latin) Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Declension

Indeclinable noun or third-declension noun, singular only.

Case Singular
Nominative Isrāēl
Genitive Isrāēl
Isrāēlis
Dative Isrāēl
Isrāēlī
Accusative Isrāēl
Isrāēlem
Ablative Isrāēl
Isrāēle
Vocative Isrāēl

Derived terms

References

  1. Souter, Alexander (1949) “Istrahēl”, in A Glossary of Later Latin to 600 A.D.‎, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, published 1957, page 222

Norwegian Bokmål

Proper noun

Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Derived terms

Norwegian Nynorsk

Proper noun

Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Derived terms

Plautdietsch

Noun

Israel n

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”). Displaced Old Galician-Portuguese Irrael.

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /iz.ʁaˈɛw/ [iz.haˈɛʊ̯]
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /iʒ.ʁɐˈɛl/ [iʒ.ʁɐˈɛɫ]
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /iʒ.ʁɐˈɛ.li/

  • Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

Israel m

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
  2. (biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)
  3. a male given name, equivalent to English Israel

Usage notes

Israel is never indicated by an article; see usage notes for Portugal.

Derived terms

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hebrew ישראל.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /is.ra.ˈel/
  • (file)

Proper noun

Israel n

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Declension

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /israˈel/ [iz.raˈel]
  • (Castilian)
    Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -el
  • Syllabification: Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

Israel m

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
  2. Jacob
    • 1602, Casiodoro de Reina, La Santa Biblia, rev., Genesis 32:28
      Y él dijo: No se dirá más tu nombre Jacob, sino Israel: porque has peleado con Dios y con los hombres, y has vencido.
      And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
      (KJV)
  3. a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Israel

Derived terms

Anagrams

Swedish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /²iːsˌrɛːl/
  • (file)
  • Hyphenation: Is‧rael

Proper noun

Israel n (genitive Israels)

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

References

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish Israel (“Israel”), from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”).

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ʔisɾaˈʔel/ [ʔɪs.ɾɐˈʔɛl]
  • Rhymes: -el
  • Syllabification: Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

Israél (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇᜁᜎ᜔)

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
  2. (biblical) (biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)
  3. a male given name, equivalent to English Israel

Further reading

  • “Israel”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Welsh

Etymology

Latin Israel, from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Israel f

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

  • Gwladwriaeth Israel (“State of Israel”)
  • Israelaidd (“Israeli (adjective)”)
  • Israeliad (“Israelite; Israeli (noun)”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
Israel unchanged unchanged Hisrael
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.