< Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian

Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian/eθkwe·wa

This Proto-Algonquian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Algonquian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Perhaps from the same Proto-Algic root as Yurok -ahpew (“wife”) ('n-ahpew (“my wife”), k'-ahpew (“your wife”)).[1]

Noun

*eθkwe·wa

  1. (young) woman

Descendants
  • Plains Algonquian:
    • Arapahoan:
      • Arapaho: hisei (“woman”)
      • Nawathinehena: hihi'i (“woman”)
      • Gros Ventre: hiθã (“woman”)
    • Blackfoot: aakííwa (“woman”)
    • Cheyenne: hē'e (“woman”)
  • Central Algonquian:
    • Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi
      • Cree: iskwew, ᐃᐢᑵᐤ (“woman”)
        • Atikamekw: iskwew (“woman”)
        • Northern East Cree: ᐃᔅᐧᑳᐤ (isykaaw, “woman”)
        • Southern East Cree: ᐃᔅᐧᑫᐤ (isykew, “woman”)
        • Plains Cree: iskwêw, ᐃᐢᑵᐤ (“woman”)
      • Montagnais-Naskapi
        • Naskapi: (“woman”)
          Canadian syllabics script: ᐃᔅᒂᐤ (iskwaaw)
        • Montagnais: ishkueu (“woman”)
      • Eastern Great Lakes:
        • Ojibwe-Potawatomi
        • Algonquin: ikwe (“woman”)
        • Ojibwe: ikwe (“woman”)
        • Ottawa: kwe (“woman”)
        • Western Ojibwa: ihkwē (“woman”)
        • Potawatomi: kwe (“woman”)
      • Fox: ihkwêwa (“woman”)
      • Kickapoo: ihkweea (“woman”)
      • Menominee: -ɛhki·w- (“woman”)
  • Eastern Algonquian:
    • Abenaki: -skwa (“female, wife”)
    • Delaware:
      • Mahican: -squoh (“woman”)
      • Munsee: óxkweew (“woman”)
      • Unami: xkwe (“young woman”)
    • Malecite-Passamaquoddy: -sq(-)
    • Massachusett: squàw (“woman”)
    • Mi'kmaq: -(')sgw (“woman”)
    • Quiripi: squah (“woman”)
    • Nanticoke: ochquau (“woman”)
    • Narragansett: squaw (“woman”)
    • Penobscot: -skwe- (“woman”)
    • Powhatan: -squa (“woman, wife, female”)
    • Mohegan-Pequot: sqá (“woman”)
    • → English: squaw (“Native American woman”) (from one or more of the above languages, most likely Massachusett and Narragansett)

References
  • Ives Goddard, The True History of the Word Squaw, in Indian Country News (April 1997)
  1. according to an essay in Culture in history: essays in honor of Paul Radin (1975)
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