< Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian

Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian/meskwi

This Proto-Algonquian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Algonquian

Noun

*meskwi

  1. blood
  2. red

Descendants
  • Plains Algonquian:
    • Blackfoot: mawk'sinum (“red”)
    • Arapaho: bé' (“red”)
    • Nawathinehena: maoxtaheini (“red”)
    • Gros Ventre: baxa'aⁿ (“red”)
    • Cheyenne: ma'- (“red”), ma'e (“blood”)
  • Central Algonquian:
    • Cree: mihko/ᒥᐦᑯ (mihko, “blood; red”)
      • Plains Cree: mihko, ᒥᐦᑯ (“blood”)
      • Northern East Cree: mihkw, ᒥᐦᒄ (mihkw, “blood”)
      • Southern East Cree: mihkw, ᒥᐦᒄ (mihkw, “blood”)
      • Naskapi: miihkw (“blood”), miihkwaaw (“it is red”)
    • Menominee: mɛhki·h (“blood”), mɛhki·w (“it is red”)
    • Ottawa: mskwi
    • Ojibwe: miskwi (“blood”), miskwaa (“it is red”)
    • Eastern Ojibwa: mskwi
    • Northwestern Ojibwa: miskwi
    • Potawatomi: mskwe' (“blood”), me'skwak (“red”)
    • Fox: meshkothiwa (“be red”)
    • Kickapoo: meskwi
    • Miami: (ni)mehkoma (“(my) vein, pulse”)
    • Shawnee: mškwi
  • Eastern Algonquian:
    • Mi'kmaq: megwe'g (“red”)
    • Abenaki: m(s)kwi (“red”)
    • Malecite-Passamaquoddy: mqeyu (“she, he or it is red”) (n-mihkw-ey (“I am red”), mkw-eyo (“he is red”))
    • Massachusett: musquéheonk (“blood”), musquè (“it is red”)
    • Mohegan-Pequot: musqi (“blood”), musqisu- (“he is red”)
    • Penobscot: mehkʷi- (“red”)
    • Quiripi: sqúayo (“red”) (Unquachog)
    • Unami: hmukw (“blood”), màxksu (“she or he is red”)

References
  • James A. Geary, Proto-Algonquian *çk: Further Examples, in Language, volume 17, number 4 (October - December 1941), pages 304-310: *meçkw-
  • Algonquian Linguistics, volume 4 (1978), page 17: *meskwi
  • Papers of the ninth Algonquian Conference (edited by William Cowan; 1978), page 133: *meskwi 'red'
  • Goddard (1982)
  • Berman, Howard (1992) “A Restriction on the Shape of Proto-Algonquian Nouns”, in International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 58, number 3, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, →JSTOR: *meçkwi
  • Marc Picard, Principles and Methods in Historical Phonology: From Proto-Algonkian to Arapaho →ISBN, 1994), page 99: *meskwi 'red'; *meskwaaki 'when it is red'
  • Costa, David J. (2003) The Miami-Illinois Language (Studies in the Native Languages of the Americas), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN: *meçkw-
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