< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ruskos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative forms
  • rūskos

Etymology

Possibly from earlier *rukskos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, to stir”)[1]. Cognate with Latin runcō (“to grub, weed”), Ancient Greek ὀρύσσω (orússō, “to dig, grub”), Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcati, “to pluck”). Related to Irish rúam (“spade, shovel”).

Noun

*ruskos m

  1. bark
  2. beehive

Declension
Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *ruskos *ruskou *ruskoi
vocative *ruske *ruskou *ruskūs
accusative *ruskom *ruskou *ruskoms
genitive *ruskī *ruskous *ruskom
dative *ruskūi *ruskobom *ruskobos
locative *ruskei *? *?
instrumental *ruskū *ruskobim *ruskūis

Descendants
  • Proto-Brythonic: *rrisk
    • Middle Breton: rusquenn
      • Breton: rusk (“bark”), ruskenn (“beehive”)
    • Old Cornish: rusc
    • Middle Welsh: risgl
  • Old Irish: rúsc
  • Gaulish: rusca
    • → Medieval Latin: rusca (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 317
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