< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kirja
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Origin unknown.
Reconstruction
A secondary sense 'writing, writ, book' develops in most descendants after the introduction of literacy.
Inflection
Inflection of *kirja
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kirja | *kirjat | |
| accusative | *kirjan | *kirjat | |
| genitive | *kirjan | *kirjadën *kirjoidën | |
| partitive | *kirjada | *kirjoida | |
| inessive | *kirjassa *kirjahna |
*kirjoissa *kirjoihna | |
| elative | *kirjasta | *kirjoista | |
| illative | *kirjahën | *kirjoihën | |
| adessive | *kirjalla | *kirjoilla | |
| ablative | *kirjalta | *kirjoilta | |
| allative | *kirjalën *kirjalëk |
*kirjoilën *kirjoilëk | |
| essive | *kirjana | *kirjoina | |
| translative | *kirjaksi | *kirjoiksi | |
| instructive | *kirjan | *kirjoin | |
| comitative | *kirjanëk | *kirjoinëk | |
| abessive | *kirjatta | *kirjoitta | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Estonian: kiri (“writing, letter, pattern”)
- Finnish: kirja (“book”)
- Ingrian: kirja (“book, pattern, letter”)
- Karelian:
- Livvi: kirju (“book, list, pattern, literacy, education”)
- Livonian: kēra (“pattern, writing, letter”)
- Ludian: kirď (“pattern, letter (of the alphabet)”)
- Veps: kirj (“book, writing, literacy, pattern, sign”)
- Võro: kiri (“writing, letter”)
- Votic: tširjõ (“book, writing, letter, literacy, document, colour”)
- → Proto-Samic: *kirjē (“spot, speck; book”)
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