< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)tewp-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Extended from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”).

Root

*(s)tewp-[1][2][3]

  1. to push, to stick

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)tewp-‎ (6 c, 0 e)
  • *(s)téwp-e-ti ~ *(s)téwp-o-nti (simple thematic present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)táwpati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *(s)táwpati
        • Sanskrit: तोपति (tópati)
      • Proto-Iranian: *stáwpatī
        • Middle Persian: stwbynytn' (/⁠stōwēnīdan⁠/, “to defeat”)[4]
  • *(s)tup-yé-ti ~ *(s)tup-yó-nti (zero-grade ye-present)
    • Proto-Albanian:
      • ⇒ Albanian: përtyp (“to chew”), shtyp (“to press”)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *túpťō
  • *(s)tup-eh₁-(ye)- (stative)
    • Proto-Italic: *stupēō
      • Latin: stupeō (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)tup-ró-s
    • Proto-Italic: *stupros (“struck, hit > dishonoured”)
      • ⇒ Latin: stuprum (“dishonour”, noun) (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)tup-os
    • Proto-Hellenic:
  • *(s)tup-os ~ *(s)tup-es-
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *staupaz (“steep”) (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *steupa- (“step-”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Middle Persian: stwb' (/⁠stō⁠/, “distressed, defeated”)[4]
        • Classical Persian: ستوه (sutōh, “struck by strong negative emotion”)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)teu̯p-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 602-603
  2. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*staup”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 367
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
  4. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 77
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