< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/déh₁

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *de (“to, towards”) +‎ *-h₁ (instrumental suffix), original meaning perhaps "by means of".[1]

Adverb

*déh₁

  1. toward

Derived terms
  • Germanic: *und tē (“until, as long as”)
    • Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 (untē)
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: кѫдѣ (kǫdě, “whence”), тѫдѣ (tǫdě, “thence”), ѩдѣ (jędě, “near”)

Descendants
  • Proto-Celtic: *dī (“from, of”)[2]
    • Proto-Brythonic: *di
      • Old Breton: di-
      • Middle Welsh: di-, ⇒ Middle Welsh: oddi (“from, out of”)
    • Old Irish: dí-, di
      • Irish: de
      • Manx: jeh
      • Scottish Gaelic: de
  • Proto-Hellenic: *dḗ (“to this, so far”)[1][3]
    • Ancient Greek: δή (dḗ, “indeed, now, already”)
  • Proto-Italic: *dē (“from”)
    • Faliscan: de (“from”)
    • Latin: dē, dē- (“from, off, without, about”)
    • ⇒ Oscan: dat (“on the basis of, authorised by”)[4]
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: տ- (t-, negative prefix)

References
  1. Dunkel, George E. (2014) “1. *dé-h₁”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 150f.
  2. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*dī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 97
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 322
  4. Untermann, Jürgen (2000) Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen [Dictionary of Oscan-Umbrian] (Handbuch der italischen Dialekte; 3), Heidelberg: Winter, →ISBN, page 155f.
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