< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃yebʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₃yebʰ-[1][2]

  1. to enter into, penetrate
  2. to copulate

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃yebʰ-‎ (13 c, 0 e)
  • *h₃yébʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)[4]
  • *h₃yḗbʰ-s-t ~ *h₃yébʰ-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[4]
    • Proto-Tocharian: *yäp-[6]
      • Tocharian A: yäwäs
      • Tocharian B: yäpsa
  • *h₃yémbʰ-ti ~ *h₃imbʰ-énti (nasal infix)[4] (< *h₃inébʰ-ti ~ *h₃imbʰ-énti)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyámbdʰi
      • Proto-Iranian: *Hyámbdi
        • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *āHyámbdi
          • Sogdian: (/⁠āyamb-, āyanp-⁠/, “to pervert, deceive, seduce”)
            Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼀𐼊𐼎𐼔- (ʾʾynp-)
            Syriac script: ܐܝܡܦ- (ʾymp-)
  • *h₃yobʰ-éye-ti (eye-causative)[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyābʰáyati
      • Proto-Iranian: *Hyābáyati
        • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *upaHyābáyati[7][8]
          • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (byʾβydʾh, “to impregnate”, 3sg.impf.)
  • *h₃yebʰ-o-s[1]
    • Proto-Anatolian: *Hebos
      • Luwian: *ipaš[9][1]
        • ⇒ Luwian: 𒄿𒉺𒆷𒀀𒋾 (i-pa-la-a-ti), 𒄿𒉺𒆷𒋾 (i-pa-la-ti /⁠ipala/i-⁠/, “left (hand)”)
          • ⇒ Luwian: 𒄿𒉺𒆷𒀀𒋾𒅔 (i-pa-la-a-ti-i[n]), 𒄿𒉺𒆷𒀀𒋾𒂗 (i-pa-la-a-ti-en /⁠ipalāt(i)-⁠/, “sinisterness”)
        • ⇒ Luwian: 𒄿𒉺𒈠𒀭𒍝𒀸𒋫 (i-pa-ma-an-za-aš-(ta) /⁠ipama/i-⁠/, “perverted, sinister”, dat.loc.pl.)
        • ⇒ Luwian: *iparuš, *iparwaš[9]
          • ⇒ Luwian: 𒄿𒈦𒉿𒀸𒄩𒀸 ([i]-pár-wa-aš-ḫa-aš /⁠iparwašḫaš⁠/)
          • ⇒ Luwian: 𒄿𒈦𒉿𒀸𒅆𒅖 c (i-pár-wa-aš-ši-iš /⁠iparwaššaiš⁠/, “western”)
        • ⇒ Luwian: 𒀹𒄿𒉺𒋻𒈠 (𒀹i-pa-tar-ma /⁠ipatarma⁠/, “west”, nom.-acc.pl.)
          • ⇒ Luwian: 𒀹𒄿𒉺𒋻𒈠𒅀𒀭 n ((𒀹)i-pa-tar-ma-ya-an /⁠ipatarmayan⁠/, “westward”, nom.-acc.pl.)
  • *h₃yébʰ-wr̥ ~ *h₃ibʰ-wéns[4][1]
    • Proto-Anatolian: *Hebʷr̥-
      • Hittite: [script needed] (epurae-, “to go inside”)
    • >? Proto-Hellenic: *dzépʰuros (< *(d)yépʰur-os)
      • Ancient Greek: ζέφυρος (zéphuros), Ζέφυρος (Zéphuros) (see there for further descendants)
      • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀽𐁆𐀫 (ze-phu-ro /⁠zephuros⁠/, “the west wind”)[10]
  • *h₃yóbʰ-o-s[4][1]
    • >? Proto-Hellenic: *dzópʰos (< *(d)yópʰos)
  • *h₃éybʰ-eh₂ (metathesis)
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *aibō (“family; village, district, region”)[3]
      • Proto-West Germanic: *aibu
        • Old High German: -eiba
          • ⇒ Old High German: Wetereiba
          • ⇒ Old High German: Wingarteiba
          • Lombardic: -aib
            • ⇒ Lombardic: Antaib
            • ⇒ Lombardic: Burgundaib
  • Unsorted formations:
    • >? Illyrian:
      • → Doric Greek: Οἴβαλος (Oíbalos, “belonging to the birth”)[3]

References
  1. Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) chapter 39, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎: “*i̯ebʰ- → *h₃i̯ebʰ-⁰”
  2. Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2264: “*(h₃)i̯ebʰ-”
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 298
  4. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*i̯ebʰ-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 309
  5. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 508: “*i̯ebhe/o-”
  6. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “yäp-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 537-538
  7. Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) “*i̯ab-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 60-62
  8. The template Template:R:xco:Benzing does not use the parameter(s): 
    2=185
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Benzing, Johannes (1983) “byʾβy-”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz
  9. Melchert, H. Craig (2001) Lexica Anatolica‎, volume Volume 2: Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon, pages 90—91
  10. Kazanskene, V. P., Kazanskij, N. N. (1986) “ze-pu₂-ro”, in Предметно-понятийный словарь греческого языка. Крито-микенский период (in Russian), Leningrad (Saint Petersburg): Nauka, page 64 of 207
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