< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wósn̥
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From the root *wes- (“to sell, trade”) + *-n̥.
Inflection
Old pattern:
| Athematic, acrostatic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *wósn̥ | ||
| genitive | *wésn̥s | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| vocative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| accusative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| genitive | *wésn̥s | — | — |
| ablative | *wésn̥s | — | — |
| dative | *wésney | — | — |
| locative | *wésn̥, *wésni | — | — |
| instrumental | *wésn̥h₁ | — | — |
Possible later patterns:
| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *wósn̥ | ||
| genitive | *uséns | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| vocative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| accusative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| genitive | *uséns | — | — |
| ablative | *uséns | — | — |
| dative | *uséney | — | — |
| locative | *usén, *uséni | — | — |
| instrumental | *usénh₁ | — | — |
| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *wósn̥ | ||
| genitive | *usnés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| vocative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| accusative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| genitive | *usnés | — | — |
| ablative | *usnés | — | — |
| dative | *usnéy | — | — |
| locative | *usén, *uséni | — | — |
| instrumental | *usnéh₁ | — | — |
Reconstruction notes
The original inflection type of the noun is opaque, since only thematic and verbal derivatives survive, but the fact that both e-grade (found in at least Latin and Armenian) and o-grade (found in at least Greek) forms exist could point to an acrostatic ablauting paradigm *wósn- ~ *wésn-. The zero-grade in Hittite would then be secondary.
Derived terms
- *wosn-ó-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Homeric Greek: ὦνος (ônos)
- Lesbian Greek: ὄννᾱ (ónnā)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wasnás[3]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wasnás
- Sanskrit: वस्न (vasná, “price”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wasnás
- ⇒ *wosn-éye-ti (“to put on sale; to bargain”, éye-causative)[1][4]
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wasnáyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wasnáyati
- Sanskrit: वस्नयन्ता (vasnayántā, “huckstering, haggling”, 3rd pers. pl. pres. participle)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wasnáyati
- Proto-Hellenic:
- ⇒ *wósn-yo-s (“vendible”)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *wésn-o-s[2][5][6]
- *úsn-ye-ti (ye-present)[4][6]
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒍑𒉌𒅀𒍣 (uš-ni-i̯a-zi /usniatsi/, “to put up for sale”)
- Proto-Anatolian:
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὦνος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1680
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vēnus/m”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 663: “*uos-n, *us-en-s”
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “vásna-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ušni̯ie/a-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 981: “*us-n-”
- Weeks, David Michael (2006) Hittite Vocabulary: An Anatolian Appendix to Buck’s Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, page 78
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 213
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