< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weth₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*weth₂-[1][2]

  1. to say

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weth₂-‎ (8 c, 0 e)
  • *wéth₂-e-ti (thematic root present)[1]
    • Proto-Celtic: *weteti (“to say”)[3]
      • Middle Welsh: guetid
      • ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *dīweteti (+ *dī- (“from, of”))[3]
        • Middle Welsh: dyweut (“to say”)
      • ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *exswetnati (+ *exs- (“out of, from”), + *-nati)[3]
        • Old Irish: as·féna (“to testify”)
  • *woth₂-éye-ti (éye-causative)[1][4][5]
    • Proto-Celtic: *wotāti
      • Welsh: gwadu (“to deny”)
    • Proto-Italic: *wotāō[4][5] (possibly, perhaps instead from *gʷet- (“to say”), whence Germanic *kweþaną[5])
      • Latin: vetō (“to forbid”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *wéth₂-r̥ ~ *uth₂-én-s[6]
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: 𒌓𒋻 (ut-tar /⁠uttar⁠/, “word, speech”)
      • Luwian: [script needed] (utar, “word?, spell?”)
  • *woth₂-ó-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *wotos[3]
      • Old Breton: gwad (“denial”)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*u̯eth₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 694-695
  2. Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015) The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 278
  3. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wet-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 418
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ve/otō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 672
  5. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 473
  6. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “uttar / uddan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 932-933
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