< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bʰagás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-ó-s, from *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide”) +‎ *-os (deverbal suffix). Possibly related to Old Armenian բակ (bak).[1]

Noun

*bʰagás m

  1. portion, part, share, allotment
  2. fate, destiny
  3. (religion) "the dispenser"; a god

Declension
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *bʰagás *bʰagā́ *bʰagā́, -ā́s(as)
vocative *bʰaga *bʰagā́ *bʰagā́, -ā́s(as)
accusative *bʰagám *bʰagā́ *bʰagā́ns
instrumental *bʰagā́ *bʰagáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *bʰagā́yš
ablative *bʰagā́t *bʰagáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *bʰagáybʰyas
dative *bʰagā́y *bʰagáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *bʰagáybʰyas
genitive *bʰagásya *bʰagáyās *bʰagā́na(H)m
locative *bʰagáy *bʰagáyaw *bʰagáyšu

Derived terms
  • *bʰagáputrás (“son of god”)
    • Proto-Iranian: *bagápuθráh
      • Bactrian: βαγοπουρο (bagopouro /⁠βaɣpūr⁠/)
      • Sogdian: (/⁠βaɣpūr⁠/)
        Sogdian script: 𐼱𐼲𐼾𐼰𐼴𐽀 (βɣpʾwr)
        Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫄𐫛𐫢𐫏𐫏 (bɣpšyy)
        • → Classical Persian: ڤغپور (βaγfūr)
          Persian: فغفور (fağfur), فغفوری (fağfuri, “Chinese [porcelain]”)[2]
          • → Arabic: بَغْبُور (baḡbūr), فَغْفُور (faḡfūr)
            • → Ottoman Turkish: فغفور (fağfûr), فغفوری (fağfûrî)
              • Turkish: fağfur, fağfuri
              • → Greek: φαρφουρί (farfourí, “thin porcelain”)
              • → Russian: фарфо́р (farfór, “porcelain”)
      • Parthian: (/⁠βaγpuhr⁠/)
        Parthian: 𐫁𐫃𐫛𐫇𐫍𐫡 (bgpwhr)
        • → Classical Persian: بغپور (baγpūr), بغبور (bağbur)
  • *bʰagádʰHtás (“given by god”)
  • *bʰagásayHnas (“temple”)
    • Proto-Iranian: *bágayHnah
      • Sogdian: (/⁠βaγ(a)n⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫄𐫗 (βɣn)
      • Parthian: (/⁠baγin⁠/)
        Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭁𐭂𐭍𐭉 (bgny)
      • > Proto-Iranian: *bágayHnapátiš (“the master of temple”)
        • Sogdian: (/⁠βaγnpat(u)⁠/, “sorcerer; priest”)
          Sogdian script: [script needed] (βγnpt), [script needed] (βγnptw)
          Syriac script: ܭܮܢܦܬ (βγnpt), ܭܮܢܦܬܘ (βγnptw)
        • Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫁𐫢𐫗𐫁𐫏𐫅 (bšnbyd /⁠bašnbed⁠/, “master of idol temple”) (> *bagaina > *bažin > *bašn)

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰagás
    • Sanskrit: भग (bhága, “prosperity, well-being, happiness; "dispenser" (epithet of gods); Bhaga (name of a god)”)[3] (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Iranian: *bagáh (“portion, share, fate; god”)[4]
    • Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀 (baγa), 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀 (baga, “share, (favourable) lot”)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: βαγο (bago /⁠baγ⁠/)
      • Khwarezmian: اڤغیک (ʾβγyk /⁠*aβγīk⁠/, “(lit) little idol, doll, puppet”) (> *bagakáh)
      • Sogdian: (/⁠βaγ⁠/)
        Sogdian script: [script needed] (βγ)
        Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫄 (βɣ), 𐫁𐫄 (bɣ)
        Syriac script: ܒܓ (bg), ܒܮ (bγ)
        • → Classical Persian: ڤغ (vγ /⁠βaγ⁠/), فغ (faγ)
    • Parthian: (/⁠bag(early) ~ baγ (late)⁠/)
      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭋𐭇 (ALḤ)
      Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫃 (bg), 𐫁𐫄 (bɣ)
      • → Old Armenian: բագ (bag, “god; portion”)
      • → Classical Persian: بغ (baγ, “idol; lord”)
    • Old Persian: 𐎲𐎥 (b-g /⁠baga⁠/, “god”)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠bag (early) ~ bay (late)⁠/, “lord, (earthly) god; divine”)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ORHYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bk'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bg)
        Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏 (by)
        Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭡𐭢𐭩 (bgy), 𐭥𐭥𐭧𐭩𐭠 (ORḤYA)
        • → Ancient Greek: Βέοι (Béoi)
    • → Proto-Turkic: *beg (likely)
      • → Proto-Slavic: *bãnъ (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Martirosyan, Hrach (2013) “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎, number 10, page 99
  2. Henning, W. B. (1939) “Sogdian Loan-Words in New Persian”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies‎, volume 10, number 1, page 94
  3. https://archive.org/stream/TheIdeaOfIran/__The_Idea_of_Iran__volume_III__The_Sasanian_Era_djvu.txt
  4. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 48
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