< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/griHwáH

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂.

Noun

*griHwáH f[1]

  1. neck, throat

Declension
aH-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *griHwáH *griHwáy *griHwā́s
vocative *griHway *griHwáy *griHwā́s
accusative *griHwā́m *griHwáy *griHwā́s
instrumental *griHwáyaH́ *griHwáHbʰyā(m) *griHwáHbʰiš
ablative *griHwáyaHs *griHwáHbʰyā(m) *griHwáHbʰyas
dative *griHwáyaHy *griHwáHbʰyā(m) *griHwáHbʰyas
genitive *griHwáyaHs *griHwāyās *griHwáHnām
locative *griHwáyaH(m) *griHwāyaw *griHwáHsu

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *griHwáH
    • Sanskrit: ग्रीवा (grīvā́)
      • Pali: gīvā
      • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸 (gīvā)
        • Old Hindi: गिउ (giu), गिव (giva), गिय (giya), गीव (gīva)
  • Proto-Iranian: *griHwáH
    • Avestan: 𐬔𐬭𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁 (grīuuā)
    • Pashto: ګروه (grë́wa), ګروې (grë́we), ګرېوه (gréwá)
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠grīw⁠/)[2]
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (CWLE), [Book Pahlavi needed] (glyw')
      • Classical Persian: گری (garī, “neck”) [3]
    • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *griHwáHnah (“neck, collar”)
      • Pashto: گرېوان (grewā́n), گرېبان (grebā́n)
      • ⇒ Middle Persian:
        Book Pahlavi: [script needed] (glywbʾn' /⁠grīwbān⁠/, “neck-guard”)
        • Persian: گریبان (geribân, garibân, “collar”)[4]
        • → Ancient Greek: κλί̄βανον (klí̄banon, “cuirass”) [since the 4th century] [5]
          • ⇒ Ancient Greek: κλῑβανάριος (klībanários, “cuirassier”) [since the 4th century] (or from a Middle Persian *grīwbānvar)
        • → Latin: clībanum (“cuirass”) [since the 4th century]
          • ⇒ Latin: clībanārius (“cuirassier”) [since the 4th century]
      • → Old Armenian: գրապան (grapan), գրապանակ (grapanak)
  • Proto-Nuristani: *grīwí (“collar, neck”) (< *griHwíyaH)
    • Northern Nuristani:
      • Kamkata-viri:
        Kamviri: géř
        Kativiri: gřë́k, gë́ř
      • Prasuni: gīk
    • Southern Nuristani:
      • Ashkun: gřṓṛ
      • Waigali: grëv

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  2. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
  3. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “گری”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
  4. Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “گریبان”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
  5. Rundgren, Frithiof (1957) “Über einige iranische Lehnwörter im Lateinischen und Griechischen”, in Orientalia Suecana‎, volume 6, pages 31–51
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