Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥamṯ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ḥamṯ- m

abdomen

Inflection

Declension of *ḥamṯ-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*ḥamṯum

*ḥamṯāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*ḥamṯim

*ḥamṯayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*ḥamṯam

possessive forms

1st person

*ḥamṯī / *ḥamṯVya

—

*ḥamṯVni

2nd person m

*ḥamṯVka

*ḥamṯVkumā / *ḥamṯVkumay

*ḥamṯVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*ḥamṯVki

*ḥamṯVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*ḥamṯVšu

*ḥamṯVšumā / *ḥamṯVšumay

*ḥamṯVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*ḥamṯVša

*ḥamṯVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḥamṯuya for nom. case, *ḥamṯiya for gen. case, *ḥamṯaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḥamṯ-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḥamṯuka	*ḥamṯāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*ḥamṯika	*ḥamṯayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*ḥamṯaka	*ḥamṯayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḥamṯ-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḥamṯuki	*ḥamṯāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*ḥamṯiki	*ḥamṯayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*ḥamṯaki	*ḥamṯayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒍨 (emšu, imšu, “region below the navel; abdomen; uterus”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: חִמְּצָא (ḥimṣā, “fatty intestinal tissue”) (considered influenced by Akkadian 𒍜𒈨𒃶 (^UZU.ME.ḪÉ /⁠ḫimṣu⁠/, “fatty intestinal tissue”), but this is generally mentioned in rituals and could be a West-Semitic borrowing)
      - Classical Mandaic: ࡉࡌࡑࡀ (himṣa, “abdomen, belly, entrails”)
      - Classical Syriac: ܚܘܽܡܫܳܐ (ḥumšā, “abdomen; omasum”) (considered from Hebrew)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: חֹמֶשׁ (khomésh, ḥṓmeš, “belly, abdomen”)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎎𐎘 (ḥmṯ /⁠ḥamṯu⁠/, “venter”)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: እምስ (ʾəms, “vulva, vagina”)
  - Ge'ez: ሕምስ (ḥəms), ሕምሥ (ḥəmś, “pubes; uterus”)
  - Tigre: ሕምስ (ḥəms, “pubes, abdomen”)
- Modern South Arabian:
  - Mehri: ḥamṯ (“belly below the navel”)
  - Harsusi: ḥamṯ (“lower belly, pubes”)
  - Shehri: ḥamṯ (“lower belly”)
  - Soqotri: ḥánt (“venter”)

References

Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 176a
Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volumes I: Anatomy of Man and Animals, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 110–111 Nr. 122

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