Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḫalap-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Verb

*ḫalap-

to go beyond, to transgress

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/ḫalap- (paʕala)

		singular				dual			plural
verbal noun					*ḫalp-
active participle					*ḫālip-
passive participle					ḫalīp-, ḫalūp-
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	*ḫalapku	*ḫalapka	*ḫalapa		*ḫalapkayā	*ḫalapkā	*ḫalapā	*ḫalapna	*ḫalapkanu	*ḫalapū
perfect	f	*ḫalapku	*ḫalapki	*ḫalapat		*ḫalapkayā	*ḫalapkā	*ḫalapatā	*ḫalapna	*ḫalapkina	*ḫalapā

imperfect	m	*ʔaḫlup	*taḫlup	*yiḫlup			*taḫlupā	*yaḫlupā	*niḫlup	*taḫlupū	*yiḫlupū
imperfect	f	*ʔaḫlup	*taḫlupī	*taḫlup			*taḫlupā	*taḫlupā	*niḫlup	*taḫlupā	*yiḫlupā

imperative	m		*ḫalup				*ḫalupā			*ḫalupū
imperative	f		*ḫalupī				*ḫalupā			*ḫalupā

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒁽 (ḫalāpum, “to slip through”)
West Semitic
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: خَلَفَ (ḵalafa, “to succeed, to substitute, to lag behind”)
- Northwest Semitic:
  - Aramaic: חְלַף (ḥəlap̄, “to change, to alter”)
    - Classical Syriac: ܚܠܰܦ (ḥlap̄, “to exchange, to substitute”)
  - Canaanite:
    - Hebrew: חָלַף (khaláf, ḥālap̄, “to pass by”)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Ge'ez: ኀለፈ (ḫäläfä, “to pass by, to pass over, to go beyond, to transgress”)

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