Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/naḥat-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Alternative reconstructions

*nax̣at-

Verb

*naḥat-

to whittle, to hew, to carve
(figurative) to chide, to scold, to opprobriate

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/naḥat- (paʕala)

		singular				dual			plural
verbal noun					*naḥt-
active participle					*nāḥit-
passive participle					naḥīt-, naḥūt-
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	*naḥatku	*naḥatka	*naḥata		*naḥatkayā	*naḥatkā	*naḥatā	*naḥatna	*naḥatkanu	*naḥatū
perfect	f	*naḥatku	*naḥatki	*naḥatat		*naḥatkayā	*naḥatkā	*naḥatatā	*naḥatna	*naḥatkina	*naḥatā

imperfect	m	*ʔanḥut	*tanḥut	*yinḥut			*tanḥutā	*yanḥutā	*ninḥut	*tanḥutū	*yinḥutū
imperfect	f	*ʔanḥut	*tanḥutī	*tanḥut			*tanḥutā	*tanḥutā	*ninḥut	*tanḥutā	*yinḥutā

imperative	m		*naḥut				*naḥutā			*naḥutū
imperative	f		*naḥutī				*naḥutā			*naḥutā

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒉡𒄴𒄷𒌅 (nuḫḫutum, “to trim, to hew”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: نَحَتَ (naḥata)
- Northwest Semitic:
  - Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎈𐎚 (nḥt /⁠naḥata⁠/)
- Old South Arabian:
  - Sabaean: 𐩬𐩢𐩩 (nḥt, “opprobrium, obloquy”, originally verbal noun)
- → Old Armenian: նախատեմ (naxatem, “to reproach; to insult”)

References

Tropper, Josef (1995) “Akkadisch nuḫḫutu und die Repräsentation des Phonems /ḥ/ im Akkadischen”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie (in German), volume 85, number 1, →DOI, pages 58–66

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