< Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-maŋ ~ s-mak

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology
  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *s-mak ⪤ s-maŋ (Matisoff, 1983); *smək (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *s-maŋ ⪤ *s-mak (Matisoff, STEDT)

Adjective

*s-maŋ ~ s-mak

  1. black
  2. dark
  3. ink
  4. deep

Descendants
  • Old Chinese: 墨 (*C.mˁək (B-S); mlɯːg (ZS), “ink”); 黑 (*m̥ˁək, dial. *m̥ˁ- › xˁ- (B-S); *m̥lɯːg (ZS), “black”)
    (黑 in the oracle bone script)
    • Middle Chinese: 墨 /mək/, 黑 /hək/
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**:

→ Japanese: 墨 (ぼく, ​boku)
Korean: 묵 (墨, muk)
Vietnamese: mặc (墨)

    • → Vietnamese: mực (“cuttlefish; ink”)
      Thai: หมึก (mèuk, “ink”), ปลาหมึก (bplaa mèuk, “cuttlefish”)
      Lao: ມຶກ (mưk, “ink; black”), ຫມຶກ (mưk, “black; ink”), ໝຶກ (mưk, “sepia from cuttlefish; ink; black”)
      Khmer: មឹក (mɨk, “squid; ink”)

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**:

→ Japanese: 黒 (こく, ​koku)
Korean: 흑 (黑, heuk)
Vietnamese: hắc (黑)

      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: 墨 (mò) /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/), 黑 (hēi) /xeɪ̯⁵⁵/)
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Written Tibetan: སྨག (smag, “dark, darkness”), མོག་པ (mog pa, “dark-coloured”)
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
    • Lolo-Burmese
      • Burmish
        • Written Burmese: မှင် (hmang), မင် (mang, “ink”)

        → Mon: မှၚ် (hmɛŋ, “ink”)

See also
  • *s-nak (“black”) - a similar root; possibly descendant of this etymon, from assimilation of the root initial (in place of articulation) by the prefix *s-.
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