< Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-r(j)ak

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology
  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *riak/rjiak (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *s-r(y)ak (Matisoff, STEDT); *ryak (Benedict, 1972)

Schuessler (2007) assigned Chinese 夜 (yè) to → *ja (“night”) instead. Benedict (1972) listed Chinese 宿 as a reflex of this root, but the initials and vowels are difficult to reconcile.

Noun

*s-r(j)ak

  1. night
  2. day (24 hours)
  3. to spend the night, overnight

Descendants
  • Old Chinese: 夜 (*ɴ.rak-s (B-S), *laːgs (ZS), “night”)
    • Middle Chinese: 夜 (jiaH)
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**:

→ Japanese: 夜 (や, ​ya)
Korean: 야 (夜, ya)
Vietnamese: dạ (夜)

      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: 夜 (yè), /i̯ɛ⁵¹/
  • Kamarupan
    • Kuki-Chin
      *riak-I, riaʔ-II (“to spend the night; overnight”) (VanBik, 2009)
      • Central Chin
        • Lushai [Mizo]: riak, riah (“to spend the night, to lodge for the night”)
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Written Tibetan: ཞག (zhag, “day (24 hours)”) (> ཞག་པོ (zhag po, “day (24 hours); night”), ཞག་མལ (zhag mal, “night's lodging”))
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
    • Lolo-Burmese
      /*ʔrak/ ("night, spend the night") (Matisoff, 1972)
      • Burmish
        • Burmese: ရက် (rak, “day (24 hours)”)
      • Proto-Loloish: *ʔ-rakᴸ (“night”), *C-yakᴸ (“spend the night”) (Bradley, 1979)
        • Northern Loloish
          • Yi (Liangshan): ꉖ (hxot, “(classifier) night”)
        • Central Loloish
          • Lisu (Southern): ꓦꓬꓼ (h̃jɑ̱̀, “(classifier) night”)

See also
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